東日本大震災後以降、多くの自治体が「災害・避難情報伝達手段の多層化」に取り組みつつある。災害・避難情報伝達手段には、受信者の状況に関わらず情報を伝達可能であるPUSH型の手段と、受信者側で何らかのアクションを行わないと情報を閲覧できないPULL型の手段があり、両者の効果的な活用が必要である。本研究では、首都圏の自治体へのアンケート調査を行い、自治体におけるPUSH型及びPULL型の災害・避難情報伝達に関する現状と今後の課題に関する分析を行う。前半ではまず、自治体での各種伝達手段の利用状況を概観する。後半では、近年普及が目覚ましい携帯電話を用いた情報伝達に着目し、PUSH型の手段である（エリアメール）と、PULL型の手段である住民登録型のメールサービスを比較した上で、利用状況・発信内容の違いや今後の課題を明らかにする。

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The objective of this study is to recognize the administrative responses at the time of disaster based on an example of misinformation mail of Tsunami occurred on January 1, 2016 in Wakayama prefecture aiming at achieving prompt response by utilizing disaster information. From results of a questionnaire survey conducted for the disaster manager and the duty stuff that responded at the time, I have recognized the reality of the response over the time and problems. It has been revealed that they responded regarding received information to be correct as a way to respond when they received uncertain disaster information. In addition, some local governments have worked on improvement of disaster prevention in the future based on review of the responses in this accident.

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豪雨災害において円滑な住民避難が行われるためには､気象観測､気象警報､自治体の避難判断､避難情報の伝達､避難情報を受け取った住民の避難行動等､多くの段階があり､各段階に様々なﾊｰﾄﾞ技術とｿﾌﾄ施策が関与している｡本論文は､この中の自治体の避難情報伝達に着目し､情報の送り手である市町村の用いる伝達手段の種類や工夫が避難情報伝達に及ぼす効果を､情報伝達における迅速性､正確性､確実性という3つの特性によって評価することを提案している｡

新潟県見附市の平成25年度総合防災訓練では､複数の情報伝達手段を用いた避難情報伝達実験が行われた｡この機会を利用して､筆者は防災訓練の当日に見附市内にいた高校生以上の市民を対象としてｱﾝｹｰﾄ調査を行い､4つの情報伝達手段と情報伝達特性との関係を分析することを試みた｡定型文を用いたｴﾘｱﾒｰﾙによる避難情報伝達を迅速性､正確性を有する基準と考え､ｱﾝｹｰﾄ結果より防災無線のｽﾋﾟｰｶｰからの音声放送､ｻｲﾚﾝ吹鳴､一斉同報ﾒｰﾙの情報伝達特性を評価した｡その結果､ｴﾘｱﾒｰﾙは迅速性と正確性を兼ね備えた情報伝達手段であることが確認できた｡また､情報伝達において迅速性､正確性､確実性の3つの特性を確保するために､確実性の高いｻｲﾚﾝ吹鳴とｴﾘｱﾒｰﾙ等､複数の情報伝達手段の併用が必要との結論を得た｡

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Disaster information dissemination utilizing a mobile phone is highly efficient with its higher penetration rate at rural mountainous areas in Thailand where instantaneous information is required against sudden disaster such as flash flood and landslide. However, the disaster prevention framework of Thai government has been concerned for lag of information dissemination. Furthermore, many of residents in the areas cannot receive mobile phone signal properly. Through a literature research and interviews with relevant authorities and leading mobile phone operators, we were able to clarify the current situation of the Thai government's framework development and the possibility of future introduction of mobile phone as a disaster information dissemination mean for rural mountainous areas in Thailand.

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In order to mitigate natural disasters, it is important that an individual can access infor- mation about various hazards causing natural disasters or hazard maps issued by local governments, various warnings announced by Japan Meteorological Agency and evacuation related information announced by local governments, and emergency evacuation areas designated by local governments. This is especially important for non-structural measures to be effective and influences the individ- ual’s ability to decide whether his/her location is safe or not, and evacuate to safer locations if the current location is unsafe. In this article, we evaluate usefulness of those information provided for non-structural measures by applying the concept of “information quality” and consider possibilities and problems of applications for disaster mitigation. We also introduce a prototype web applica- tion named “hazard checker” which shows users hazard information, meteorological information and nearby designated emergency evacuation areas based on the users’ current location. The feature is available at any location in Japan.

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