We aimed to clarify the effects of school closure and state of emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic on children's use of principal park in residential area within walking distance. We surveyed the number of children and the number of accompanying parents at several principal park in residential area during the period of school closures and state of emergency, and for about one year after. The results of the survey showed that the number of preschool and elementary school children during the period of school closure and the first state of emergency (March to May 2020) tended to be higher than during the period of the cancellation of the state of emergency and the second and third state of emergency. In addition, the percentage of parents accompanying elementary school children when using parks was higher during the period of the school closure and the first state of emergency than during the other periods. From these results, it can be considered that because the school closures and the first state of emergency were the first serious activity restrictions, children used their familiar principal park in residential area as places where they could spend some time outdoors. However, most of them were accompanied by their parents, and it is considered that they used the parks with more limited awareness than under normal situations.