In this paper, the vertical distribution of freshwater planarians in the Syakotan Peninsula and Niseko mountainous districts in South Hokkaidô(Lat. 42°45'N. to Lat. 43°25'N. and Long. 140°20'E. to 141°00'E.) is reported. The Syakotan Peninsula is the lower mountainous land (the highest peak, Mt. Yobetsu-dake, is 1, 298 metres above sea level) and runs out to the Sea of Japan. The Niseko mountainous district is situated at the south of the Syakotan Peninsula. The district is characterized by volcanoes belonging to the Nasu Volcanic Zone, such as Mt. Nisekoan'nupuri (altitude, 1, 309 metres), Mt. Iwao'nupuri (1, 554 metres), Mt. Chise'nupuri (1, 135 metres) and Mt. Nito'nupuri (1, 082 metres). There are several hot springs at the foot of mountains. The main river systems of the area surveyed are the Yoichi, the Horikabu and the Shiribetsu. The surveys were made in July 30 to August 1, 1966.
In the area surveyed, four species of freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica ICHIKAWA et KAWAKATSU, Polycelis sapporo (IJIMA et KABURAKI), Polycelis auriculata IJIMA et KABURAKI and Dendrocoelopsis lacteus ICHKAWA et OKUGAWA, were found. D. japonica and Den. lacteus were collected only in the stations in the seashore of the Syakotan Peninsula. Pol. Sapporo was common in the stations both in the seashore and the mountainous districts. The altitude of the upper limit of distribution of this species is about 730 metres (inhabitable water temperature range, 7.9-17.2°C). Pol. auriculata was rather common in the stations in the Niseko mountainous district within the altitude range from 220 to 730 metres (7.9-13.0°C). The type of the vertical distribution in the area surveyed is shown as JS-SA-A (J:D. japonica; S:Pol. sapporo; A:Pol. auriculata).

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The Takashozu fault system, running NE-SW direction, is located at the northwestern foot of the Takashozu Mountains, Toyama Prefecture, and separates the Tonami Plain from the high mountains. Along the fault line, several kinds of fault topographies have developed, such as terminal facets, kern cols, kern buts and valleys flowing parallel to the strike of the fault.
At Inami and Akasobu, the Miocene andesitic rock has thrusted up from south to north onto the terrace gravels of the middle and upper Pleistocene ages. The Takashozu fault has dislocated vertically the several levels of terrace surfaces here and there along the fault line. The higher the terraces are, the larger the amount of displacement is. In the drainage basin of the Sho River, it is inferred that not only Pleistocene terraces but also Holocene terrace gravel beds have been cut by the fault activities.
In the southwestern part of the Tonami Plain, the gradient of the terrace surface is steeper in the older terraces. The valley dissecting the higher terrace surfaces shows an asymmetric form, i.e., the valley walls of the northern side are generally steeper than those of the southern side. It would be considered that the principal factor forming this asymmetric valley topography is the continuous upheaval of the mountains located to the south of the plain.

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Since 1933, effects of the internal use of mineral waters in this district were studied by Prof. Dr. T. Misawa and his coworkers concerning gastric and bile secretion, gastrointestinal motility, diuresis, glucose metabolism, anemia and others.
In this report, present status of the internal use of mineral waters in this district, the results of studies on the therapeutic and toxic effects, maximum permissible concentrations of trace elements in the spring waters, several experimental and clinical studies on atherosclerosis etc. will be reported.
I. The present status of internal use of hot spring waters in Kanto district and its environs.
The research was carried out by enquête method. Answers were obtained from 40spa admimistrations. Following results were concluded:
1) In the majority of the spas the internal use of spring waters are uncommon, only at 3 spas (Spas Shima, Kuronagi, Shibu) the internal use is more frequently carried on than the bathing cure.
2) The majority of the visitors take hot spring waters 2 times a day (morning and evening), ca. 100ml at a time, in total usually 5 go (900ml-1000ml), maximum 1.5 sho (2700ml), a day.
3) The majority of patients utilizing the drinking cure are suffering from gastro-intestinal diseases, and rarely from other diseases.
4) For the gastrointestinal disease, sodium chloride waters, sulfur waters and alkaline waters are used mostly and for the constipation hydrogen sulfide waters, sodium bicarbonated waters and sulfated waters were used.
II. Statistical observation on the spa treatment in Shiohara Hot Springs, Tochigi Pref. 1) The patients had predominantly gastrointestinal disorders in Motoyu (pH 6.3, hydrogen sulfide containing sodium bicarbonate and chloride spring).
In Motoyu, the patients with drinking cure suffered from stomach ulcer (15/41), chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastroptosis with atonia. It seems that they select a spring according to their empirical evaluations.
2) About 87% of the visitors put in practice of drinking of hot spring water in Motoyu. Most visitors take thermal bath 5 to 6 times a day on an average, and drink spring water at the time of bathing, in total 4-6 go (720-1080ml) a day in 18/41 cases, 9-10 go (1620-1800ml) in 12/41 cases.
3) Liver function of patients (B. S. P. test and Gros test) was investigated before and after the cure, but no significant change was observed.
III. Effects of trace elements.
1) Effects of the addition of Cu and/or vitamine C on the absorption of iron in mineral waters from the digestive tract were studied using the radioactive iron experimentally.
Iron absorption from the digestive tract was promoted by the addition of copper, and vitamin C in the test solution. No promoting effect was proved by the addition of copper in the ratio of Fe:Cu=1:1, but it proved most effective with the ratio of
Fe:Cu=2.6:1
2) Maximum permissible amount of Pb, Zn and Cu contained in mineral waters were studied in rabbits experimentally. It was concluded that the maximum permissible dose of orally given Pb, Zn and Cu were between 7.5mg, 20mg or 1.9mg per kg body weight daily by administration for a month, respectively.
This concentration of lead is 100 times higher than that of mineral waters with highest lead content in Japan. And as mineral waters with high zinc or copper content in Japan used to be strongly acid and mostly belong to acid vitriol or acid alum vitriol springs, only daily 10-50ml can be taken after 5-10 times diluted with common water for drinking cure.
The highest record of zinc content in Japan is 965mg/kg ZnSO₄ (Sasakura Hot Spring), therefore there would be no probability of Zn poisoning from drinking cure of mineral waters in Japan, and when taken 25ml of copper containing mineral water daily the maximuan permissible concentration of copper containing waters will be 75mg/kg. Only few of the Japanese mineral waters contain more than

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