It has already been pointed out that the Shugo (守護) in the Muromachi period endeavored to hold temples and shrines under their control while establishing their rule throughout their domains. In this paper the author attempts to explain why this control over religious institutions could have be an important element in the process of establishing their rule through a case study of the "Wakasa 33 Kannon Reijo" 若狭三十三所観音霊場 temples. "Wakasa 33 Kannon Reijo" included those temples which performed Buddhist and Shinto ceremonies throughout all of Wakasa province and were later protected by the Takeda 武田 clan, the Shugo of Wakasa province during the Sengoku period. When we look at these temples in a region context, two points become clear. 1.Each of these temples all had close affiliations to "Wakasa-Ichinomiya" 若狭一宮, the Supreme Shrine of the province or "Shoen-Koryo-Soja" 荘園公領総社, the Supreme Shrine of each Proprietorship in the province. 2.The majority of the "Shoen-Koryo-Soja" in the province were included in "Wakasa 33 Kannon Reijo". This means that in Wakasa, since the latter medieval period, there was a temple and shrine network which was connected partly by the popular Kannon belief spread by the asetics and pilgrims. However, the network was also based on ties between "Ichinomiya" and "Shoen-Koryo-Soja", which had been continued since the preceding period. Next the author shows that this network was more than a mere religious system. In Wakasa as well as other provinces, "Ichinomiya" of the later medieval period were commercial centers of the province. And each "Shoen-Koryo-Soja" also had close connections with the market in each proprietorship. These facts mean that, in Wakasa of the later medieval period, there was a temple and shrine system which was connected with traditional popular belief (belief of community, Kannon belief) as well as commerce. That is why controling this system was a major element for the Shugo to establish power in their territory.

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