In recent years, energy consumption increases with rapid economic development in China. Most of the energy consumption in China has now been supported by coal. In this study, we have evaluated SO_2 exposure from coal-fired power plants in urban region of China. Two coal-fired power plants are assumed as emission source points in Taiyuan City and Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province as a case study. The population distribution map ruled into 1km squares has been prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS). The distribution of SO_2 concentration was then calculated by means of a Gaussian Plume Model. Two cases on the coal plants with and without desulfurization are considered in order to evaluate the amount of SO_2 exposure on the surrounding residents. As the result, the maximum SO_x ex.posure with the desulfurization case is expected to decrease 71%, though that without desulfurization case is estimated to be 295.2mg/m^3.

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　本研究では中国主要都市の1990年代(1991～1999年)における大気中二酸化硫黄濃度について,「中国環境年鑑」に記載されている観測データをもとに,その地域性と経年変化に着目して考察を行った。その結果,大気中二酸化硫黄濃度が明確な増加傾向を示す都市はなく,減少傾向を示す都市と濃度変化の少ない都市がおよそ半々存在し,全体的に改善傾向にあることがわかった。一方,大気中の二酸化硫黄濃度と石炭総消費量との間には有意な相関は見られなかったが,業種別の石炭消費量についてはいくつかの部門において有意な相関が見られた。全体の経年変化における改善傾向の要因は「民間消費」および「その他の業種」部門による石炭消費量の削減と「電力供給業」を含めた工業部門による脱硫装置の効果の向上によるものと考えられる。一方,地域分布における経年変化(都市における濃度傾向の違い)については,大型火力発電所の有無だけでなく,各都市における脱硫装置の効率の差が「減少型」と「その他」を分ける大きな要因であると考えられる。

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 In recent years, with the economic development and the improvement of living standards in China, the energy consumption has been increasing significantly. To create a sustainable society, it is important to clarify the energy consumption and CO₂ emissions in the residential sector, especially that in the urban houses because China is in the process of urbanization.
 Studies on the residential energy consumption in China have been carried out in Japan as well as China. Yoshino et al.¹⁾ have made clear the energy consumption of apartment houses for six Chinese cities by surveying; Zhang et al.²⁾ clarified the energy consumption for the capital cities in China in 1997 using the official statistics, developing a model predicting energy consumption in the residential houses in China; Ning et al.³⁾ investigated the structure of energy consumption using the Chinese statistics; Yu et al.⁴⁾ clarified energy consumption by questionnaire surveying and simulations for six Chinese cities; Ling et al.⁵⁾ investigated the consumption of electricity and gas for 23 areas in Beijing and made clear the average energy consumption except energy for district heating. All these studies can be classified into two methods: statistical and survey methods. With the statistical method, researches often face the problem of lacking the items needed in their researches; but with the survey method, it is difficult to tell if the results can represent the reality. Because the statistical method is based on large number of residents, it is used in this study. All the studies mentioned above have not been able to make clear the trend of energy consumption in the urban houses, nor the CO₂ emissions caused by the energy consumption.
 In this study, based on Chinese statistics, unit energy consumption for 277 Chinese cities is clarified during the period of 2002-2012. The emissions of CO₂ caused by energy consumption per household are also analyzed. The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
 (1) Energy consumption per urban household increases from 12.3 GJ to 23.1GJ in the period of 2002 - 2012. The percentage of each kind of energy was clarified;
 (2) The emissions of CO₂ per urban household increases from 1, 689 kg CO₂ to 3,559 kg CO₂ in the period of 2002 - 2012. The weight of CO₂ emissions caused by different kinds of energy resources was made clear;
 (3) Energy consumption and CO₂ emissions per household in the capital cities is 1.44-fold and 1.42-fold of the average, respectively.

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　日本で統合医療を進めるためには、 日本の医療、 鍼灸の特性を理解し、 検討を進めることが重要なカギとなる。 鍼灸を含めた医療は、 社会、 文化、 歴史の影響を受けるため、 国によっては異なった特色をもつ。 多くの鍼灸師にとって、 各国の鍼灸事情を知る機会はほとんどない。 そこで各国の医療制度、 教育、 使用器具、 手技、 治療方針、 診察方法などを知ることにより、 多くの人が鍼灸の特殊性と普遍性を認識し、 国境を越えた相互理解の輪を広げることで、 統合医療を含めた日本の鍼灸の発展に寄与することを目的とする。

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