C.phogenes感染による種雄豚4頭(ハンプシャー種3頭,大ヨークシャー種1頭)の造精機能障害,交尾不能症について臨床,病理組織学的に観察した。
全例とも陰嚢は腫大して左右不対称で,水腫を呈したが,発熱はなかった。精液性状の特徴は精子活力の低下,精子数の減少及び奇形精子,未熟精子の高率な出現であった。
剖検の結果,全例とも陰嚢腔内に漿液,ゼリー様物が充満し精巣が萎縮していた。さらに2頭の陰嚢及び1頭の精巣上体には膿瘍が形成されていた。細菌培養の結果,C.phogenesは精巣,精巣上体,陰嚢貯留液,精嚢腺,尿道球腺から分離された。病理組織学的には,陰嚢は漿液線維素性炎,精巣上体炎,精索炎,前立腺炎,精嚢腺炎などの所見を呈した。
本症は,特徴的所見が精巣周囲炎であったことから,陰嚢皮膚が原発的な感染源であろうと推測されたが,血行性,鼠蹊管を介する感染経路も疑われた。

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Manganese-based alloys of Mn-Cu, Mn-Cr-Ni, Mn-Cr-Ni-Cu and Mn-Al-Cu systems were examined in connection with the hot- and cold-workability by forging and rolling.
Addition of copper more than 5 atomic percent improved the cold workability in a variety of the alloy systems used. The most desirable alloying to increase the workability was the simultaneous addition of nickel and copper. Delta-ferritic phase appeared in the systems with chromium, i.e., Mn-Cr-Ni and Mn-Cr-Ni-Cu alloys. The increase in the volume fraction of the phase lowered the workability particularly in the cold rolling, although the volume fraction could be controlled to some extent by heat treatments and modification of alloying compositions. Simultaneous addition of nickel and chromium was superior to a single addition of them for the improvement of the workability.
It was found that the manganese-based alloys with excellent workability were obtained by the addition of chromium, nikel and copper as well as that of aluminium and copper.

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Measurements of Young’s modulus at −150∼400°C and of rigidity modulus, thermal expansion and hardness at room temperature have been carried out with Mn-Ni-W and Mn-Ni-W-Mo alloys subjected to various heat treatments and cold working. Young’s modulus vs temperature curves of the ternary and quarternary alloys slowly cooled after heating for 1 hr at 950°C showed distinct anomalous changes associated with antiferromagnetic\ ightleftarrowsparamagnetic transformation. Young’s modulus at room temperature does not show any great difference by the states of cold working and heat treatment, but it tends to increase with increasing manganese, tungsten or molybdenum content. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus is greatly affected not only by annealing, water quenching, cold working and reheating after water quenching or cold working but also by alloy composition. The positive temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus exist in a wide composition range, showing the appearance of the Elinvar property. The variation of rigidity modulus and its temperature coefficient with heat treatment, cold reduction rate and composition is quite similar to that of Young’s modulus and its temperature coefficient. The hardness shows a very complicatd change about 100 to 600 within the range of in Vickers hardness by the aforementioned treatments. The ternary and quarternary alloys have fairly good corrosion resistivity.

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Measurements of rigidity modulus, thermal expansion, magnetization at 293∼573 K and hardness at room temperature have been carried out for annealed Mn-Ga alloys.
The results show that Mn-21.0∼26.8 at%Ga alloys of the ε phase and the β+ε phase cooled slowly from 1173 K have distinct anomalies at the temperatures corresponding to the Néel points in both the rigidity modulus vs temperature curves and the thermal expansion curves. Thus the rigidity modulus curves exhibit a small maximum below the Néel point T_N, showing a typical Elinvar characteristic near room temperature. The thermal expansion coefficient becomes smaller below T_N.

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The temperature coefficient of delay time, α_D, at 0 to 40°C and the maximum gradient of magnetostriction to magnetic field, (dλ⁄dH)_m, at room temperature have been measured with the annealed alloys in the Co-Fe-Cr system, the Co-Fe-Cr-about 16.7% Ni system and the Co-Fe-Cr-about 28.6% Ni system. It has been found that in Co-31.0% Fe-9.0% Cr alloy the α_D has such small value as −0.42×10⁻⁵. The (dλ⁄dH)_m is 0.36×10⁻⁶/Oe and is comparable with the absolute value of −0.39×10⁻⁶/Oe in nickel. The α_D for Co-37.8% Fe-4.3% Cr-16.7% Ni alloy also shows a very small value of −0.07×10⁻⁵, while its (dλ⁄dH)_m shows a very large value of 0.80×10⁻⁶/Oe which is about two times greater than the absolute value of nickel and five times greater than that of Ni-Span C. And Co-50.0% Fe-2.4% Cr-28.6% Ni alloy has a small value of +0.21×10⁻⁵ for α_D and 0.19×10⁻⁶/Oe for (dλ⁄dH)_m which is about half of the absolute value of nickel. Among these alloys, Co-37.8% Fe-4.3% Cr-16.7% Ni alloy not only exhibit the excellent characteristics in its magnetostrictive delay line but also can easily be cold worked. Therefore, the alloy seems to be a material suitable for the delay line.

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Measurements of Young’s modulus at −150∼400°C and of rigidity modulus, thermal expansion and hardness at room temperature have been carried out for Mn-Ni-Mo alloys in the states of cold working and heat treating. In the ternary alloys of 60∼95% Mn, 0∼40% Ni and 0∼25% Mo slow cooling after subjected to heating for 1 hr at 950°C, anomalous changes associated with antiferromagnetic\ ightleftarrowsparamagnetic transformation are observed on the Young’s modulus vs temperature curves. Young’s modulus at room temperature do not show any great difference by the cold-worked and heat-treated states. However, the value increases in general with increasing manganese or molybdenum content. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus varies remarkably by the difference in the states of heat treatments and alloy composition. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus exhibits a large positive maximum against composition, indicating that the ternary alloys possess the Elinvar property. The variations in rigidity modulus and its temperature coefficient by the heat treatment, cold reduction rate and composition are very similar to those in Young’s modulus and its temperature coefficient. Over the range from about 100 to 650, in Vickers hardness of the alloys is varied in a complicated manner by the difference in heat treatment, cold reduction rate and alloy composition. The corrosion resistivity of Mn-Ni-Mo alloys is fairly good.

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The logarithmic decrement δ and the rigidity modulus G were investigated for heat-treated and cold-worked Al-Ge alloys containing 2 to 20 mass%Ge. The δ and G values were measured by an inverted torsion pendulum method.
The δ values upon furnace cooling were somewhat higher than those upon water quenching, which were as low as 0.007. By cold working after heat treatment, the δ values of all alloys were increased considerably. With increasing Ge concentration, the δ upon cold working increased abruptly to 5 mass%Ge and then increased gradually. Moreover, in alloys cold worked after furnace cooling, the δ became higher than those cold-worked after water quenching.
With increasing Ge concentration, the G increased, and cold working after heat treatment caused G to decrease. The ΔG effect increased abruptly up to 5 mass%Ge and then increased gradually, and high δ values were obtained in the alloys with a large ΔG effect.

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The internal friction Q⁻¹, and magnetic and mecanical properties were investigated as a function of Cr concentration in Ni-Co-Nb-Cr alloys containing 25, 45 or 65%Co and 3 or 5%Nb when furnace-cooled or water-quenched after heating at 1273 K for 7.2 ks. Measurements of the Q⁻¹ and magnetic properties were carried out by an inverted torsion pendulum method and an automatic recording fluxmeter, and the mechanical properties were studied by using an Instron-type tensile testing machine.
The maximum internal friction against the maximum shear strain-amplitude, Q_max⁻¹, increased with Cr concentration, and the highest values of 59-91×10⁻³ were obtained for the alloys investigated. In the case of Ni-Co-Nb-Cr alloys with constant 3%Nb and 25, 45 and 65%Co, the Q_max⁻¹ were highest at 3%Cr upon furnace cooling and 1%Cr upon water quenching, respectively. In the case of Ni-Co-Nb-Cr alloys with constant 5%Nb and 25, 45 and 65%Co, the highest values of Q_max⁻¹ were obtained at 1%, 3% and 2%Cr upon furnace cooling and at 1%Cr upon water quenching, respectively.
The coercive force H_c of the alloys decreased with the the increase in Cr concentration. The H_c of the alloys with high values of Q_max⁻¹ increased with the increase in Co concentration; 0.051∼0.053 kA/m at 25%Co, 0.075∼0.11 kA/m at 45%Co and 0.10∼0.13 kA/m at 65%Co.
Both the tensile strength and the yield strength of the alloys increased with increasing Cr concentration, while the elongation remained almost unchanged and showed fairly large values of 40∼60%.

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The damping capacity, magnetic and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance have been investigated in Fe-Co-Mo-Cr alloys. The internal friction and magnetic hysteresis measurements, and the tensile test were carried out by using an inverted torsion pendulum, an automatic recording fluxmeter and an Instron-type machine, respectively. The anodic polarization characteristics in 3%NaCl and 5%H₂SO₄ solutions were measured by a potentiostat method.
The maximum internal friction Q_max⁻¹ depends largely on the change in magnetic properties with alloy composition and heat treatment. In the case of Fe-Co-Mo-Cr alloys containing 20%Cr, fairly high values of Q_max⁻¹ greater than 50×10⁻³ are obtained upon furnace cooling in the composition range of 2-4%Co and less than 2.5%Mo, and in the composition range of less than 6.5%Co and less than 9.5%Mo upon water quenching.
The Fe-Co-Mo-Cr alloys with high values of Q_max⁻¹ show a microstructure of α single phase and have a moderately small H_c, whereas those with very low values of Q_max⁻¹ show a two-phase microstructure and have very large H_c. Therefore, the larger the magnetic hysteresis loss at a small strain amplitude, the higher the Q_max⁻¹ value becomes.
The tensile strength and the yield strength of the alloys with 4%Co and 20%Cr increase with increasing Mo concentration, but the elongation decreases. The pitting and sulfuric acid corrosion resistances are improved with the increase in Mo concentration, because the pitting potential in NaCl solution increases sharply and the critical current density in H₂SO₄ solution decreases rapidly.

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Measurements of Young’s modulus at 150-700 K, and thermal expansion, hardness and tensile strength at room temperature were carried out for Mn-Cu-Ti and Mn-Cu-Zr alloys subjected to various heat treatments and cold-working. Young’s medulus vs temperature curves of annealed ternary alloys in these two systems have distinct minimum and maximum, indicating the existence of the fct α\ ightleftarrowsfcc γ phase transformation. The antiferromagnetic\ ightleftarrowsparamagnetic transition occurs near the phase transformation temperature. The elinvar properties appear around the temperatures showing a minimum or a maximum of Young’s modulus. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus at room temperature for the ternary alloys are affected by annealing, cold-working and reheating after cold-working or controlling the alloy composition. Young’s modulus and hardness of Mn-Cu binary alloys increase with increase of the alloying element such as Ti or Zr. The tensile strength shows a maximum at 3-4% of Ti or Zr, and it decreases gradually with increase of the alloying elements. These ternary elinvar alloys “MANGALOY” have no ageing effect. Therefore, they are considered to be excellently suitable for the materials of precision instruments.

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The thermal expansion, Young’s modulus, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity at −150∼500°C, and the hardness and density at room temperature have been measured with annealed Mn-Pt alloys. It has been found that Mn-10.05∼40.21%Pt alloys slow cooled after heating at 1100°C for 4 hr have distinct anomalies near the antiferromagnetic Néel point in the Young’s modulus vs temperature curves. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus at room temperature vs composition curve exhibits a large positive maximum at a concentration of 30.10%Pt, thus revealing the Elinvar property in this alloy system.

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The effect of cold working on the logarithmic decrement δ and the mechanical properties were investigated for Al-Co alloys containing 0.2 to 10.0%Co. δ and the rigidity modulus G were measured at room temperatures with an inverted torsion pendulum, and the tensile strength σ_t with an Instron-type tensile testing machine.
The heat-treated alloys showed a slight increase in δ by the Co addition, but the value of δ remained as low as 9×10⁻³. At the same Co concentration the value of δ after furnace cooling was somewhat higher than that after water quenching. By cold working after heat-treatments, the value of δ considerably increased with increasing reduction in cross-sectional area, RA, for all alloys. With the increase in Co concentration, the value of δ after cold working steeply increased at first and above 1%Co, δ showed saturation for small RA or tended to decrease for large RA. Moreover, the alloys cold-worked after furnace cooling were higher in δ than those cold-worked after water quenching. The increment in δ by cold working was considered to be due to a remarkable increase in dislocation density.
With increasing Co concentration, both G and σ_t of the heat-treated specimens increased but σ_t became almost constant above 2%Co. Cold working after heat-treatments gave a decrease in G and an increase in σ_t.

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