This study aimed to assess what children learned from the “Succession of Life” health education sessions taught by midwives in the Great East Japan Earthquake. The study analyzed the essays written by children who attended the sessions, identifying 13 subcategories of learning, which were grouped into 6 categories. These 6 categories are “acquisition of knowledge about the process from fertilization to birth,” “increased appreciation for continuity of life,” “strong gratitude for mothers who bore and raised children, and people around them,” “acquisition of values that honor life,” “nurturing of maternal sense, leading to imagination of one’s future self,” and “awareness of physical and mental changes in growing to adulthood.” Among them, “acquisition of values that honor life” and “imagination of one’s future self, based on nurturing of maternal sense” were categories that had not been represented in essays prior to the earthquake.

抄録全体を表示

It is important for adequate treatment after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to estimate objectively the disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and the intracranial spatial compensatory capacity. This paper reports the results of a preliminary trial to apply infusion studies as a method of quantifying the amount of CSF circulatory disturbance and the elasticity of the brain. The infusion studies (bolus injection, bolus withdrawal and steady-state infusion) were performed in 14 adult SAH patients for a total of 19 times. In 12 patients, studies were carried out under two spinal taps (one for CSF manipulation and the other for a pressure transducer). Two other patients received the tests through ventricular drainage. Pressure changes were recorded by a polygraph and a data recorder, and were later analysed by the methods of Marmarou, et al. and Katzman, et al. to calculate three parameters, namely, pressure-volume index (PVI), CSF outflow resistance (Ro) and CSF formation rate. These parameters were compared with computed tomography (CT) findings, radioisotope cisternographic findings (6 cases) and the effectiveness of therapeutic procedures (external decompression in 4 cases and CSF shunt in 9 cases). PVI values showed statistically significant differences between the decompressed group (44.62±30.33 ml) and nondecompressed group (22.23±9.02 ml) (p<0.001, F test). Ro values recorded their peak from 10 to 20 days after SAH, and tended to be higher among the patients who showed a reflux-stasis pattern in cisternography and in whom the shunt procedure was effective. Patients who developed periventricular lucency in the CT scan tended to show higher Ro values. However, there was one case which did not develop hydrocephalic symptoms despite a high Ro value. In some cases Ro remained low despite the fact that other examinations suggested advanced disturbance of CSF absorption. These discrepancies were thought mainly to have occurred because Marmarou's theory did not consider interactions between another two intracranial components (the vascular bed and the brain parenchyme) on volume loading or withdrawal into CSF space. If this problem were solved, the bolus infusion test could be a much more useful and practical method than steady-state infusion.

抄録全体を表示

　The objectives of this study were to identify experiences of children and their parents who attended a sex education class, to review the past activities and to examine future programs. Participants were 138 children and 69 parents who participated in the class from three primary schools in Tokyo. We conducted content analysis through an anonymous self-report questionnaire after the class. As for the results, children reported “recognition of the value of life," “recognition of the inter-connectedness in life," “interest in birth of a life and questions arising from it," and “expansion of interaction with others through class participation," while their parents reported “recognition of their role in conveying the meaning of life to children," “renewed recognition of the connectedness of children and parents," and “shared time with children". These findings suggest the importance of the timing and frequency of class evaluations. Also, the current activities will be further improved through collaboration among schools, communities and families.

抄録全体を表示