Structural characteristics of the tightening point between railway car body and interior equipments conposed of a tightening bolt and an attachment rail made with aluminium hollow extrusion is studied. To investigate the structural characteristics of the attachment rail and dispersion of axial force on the tightening bolt must be separately considered. Scatter of the structural characteristics of the attachment rall accompanied with load relies on constrained force of the tightening bolt is carried out. Dispersion of residual stress of the attachment rail which is caused by bolt tightening shows the same load-stress relationship in high load region an no-fixed model. The FEM calculation with fixed and free model of the tightening bolt is in good agreement with the load test result.

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Interior design of train cabins play an important role in providing comfortable transportation, since visual stimuli have major psychological impact on passengers. To evaluate the amenity of cabin’s interior design, we focused on data of brain activity which lead to intuitive favorability obtained by NIRS in addition to a subjective evaluation by questionnaire. We made an intuitive sight evaluation of interior design for Shinkansen by observing brain activity in reaction to a variety of image showing different combinations of cabin facilities’ colors and lighting color temperature to propose appropriate conditions for a comfortable cabin environment. As a result, on the whole, lighting color temperatures of 5000K were more highly regarded except in the case of blue facilities. However, blue facilities were favored at illumination temperatures of 3500K. On the other hand, the case of red facilities was more highly regarded in the highest lighting color temperature of 6500K. Moreover, to verify the impact of visual stimuli while train is in motion, subjects wearing virtual reality headsets were seated in a train-riding simulator, and stress brain indices and mood brain indices were measured in addition to a subjective evaluation. In the case of blue (3500K), the subjects consistently felt stress-free. We found that a combination of cool-color of facilities and warm-color light temperature is most preferable, which shows good agreement with the results obtained from subjective evaluation by questionnaire. Consequently, NIRS is useful to evaluate the amenity of cabin’s interior design.

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Interior design of railway vehicle have an important role to provide comfortable transportation, since the visual stimulation has a major impact for the riding passengers’ mind. In order to evaluate the comfortable condition of the interior design of railway vehicle, we put a focus on the brain activity obtained from optical topography besides a questionnaire as a subjective evaluation. We evaluated the intuitive visual comfort of interior design of Shinkansen by using the optical topography under changing the sample images in order to propose the comfortable condition such as the combination between facilities color and lighting color temperature. Further, to clarify the effect of the running vibration on the comfort of visual stimulation, we measured the stress brain index with wearing a headset of virtual reality images which show the passenger’s space of Shinkansen in riding simulator of railway vehicle. As a result, we found that the combination between cold color cabins and warm color temperature of light is the most preferred design in this experiment.

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Passenger’s seats of railway vehicle have important role to provide comfortable transportation. The increase in sitting comfort is directly connected with the increase in the ride comfort of railway vehicle. In order to estimate the comfort of railway vehicle, we focused on the brain activity obtained from optical topography besides questionnaire as a subjective evaluation. We evaluated the sitting comfort of seats of Shinkansen high speed train and express train by using the optical topography under changing the hardness of seat cushion. Although the sympathy obtained from optical topography in case of the short time sitting disagrees with the comfort feelings of good or bad estimated from the questionnaire, the correlation between the sympathy obtained from brain activity extracted from the subjects who can correctly estimate the hardness of seat cushion and the subjective evaluation of a preference was shown. In case of long time sitting, the time series changes of stress brain index are similar to the feelings tendency of subjective evaluation. Further the subjects who have pains in their body always feel high stress under sitting condition.

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From past research, when the riding comfort of the E5 Series High-speed train was evaluated by optical topography, the stress felt while riding was affected by various external influences other than vehicle vibration, and reflected the overall comfort of the vehicle. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the cabin noise in the High-speed train, which is considered to be one of the major factors that determine the comfort inside the High-speed train, and objectively evaluated the comfort against the cabin noise in the High-speed train by optical topography. As a result, there is a correlation between the discomfort index of High-speed train in-vehicle noise and the stress brain index, and the effect of cabin noise on the in-vehicle comfort of the High-speed train can be accurately evaluated by optical topography, and the predictable discomfort formula considering the sound quality index is used. It was clarified that the evaluation method can be used to evaluate the comfort of cabin noise in the High-speed train.

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Railway vehicle has been required to achieve higher safety during its collision. In order to protect passengers during collision, energy absorber for crashworthy structure is developed using annealed aluminium alloy hollow extrusion. At first, to assure characteristics of annealed aluminium, tensile strength test and quasi-static crash test using column was carried out and these results revealed that annealed alloy has good characteristics for energy absorber. Second, box-shaped energy absorber was designed and quasi-static crash test was carried out. To predict crash characteristics of the absorber, numerical simulation was carried out in parallel to the experiment. As a result, load efficiency of the box energy absorber achieved 82% and numerical simulation had a good agreement with the results of experiment in deformation and crash characteristics. From above results, railway vehicle's characteristics in crashworthiness can be achieved higher performance with the absorber developed in the paper.

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Liquid ice is useful as a cold heat storage material. In this work, heat transfer experiments in U-bent pipes for continuous formation of liquid ice were carried out to make clear the effects of pipe diameter on heat transfer efficiency and mass fraction of ice. In the case of using a 15-mm pipe, the experimental results showed that the mass fraction of ice and the heat transfer efficiency had maximum values at a certain volume fraction of water and that the heat transfer efficiency of a 15-mm diameter U-bent pipe system was about twice as large as those of 12-mm and 10-mm diameter pipe systems. From photographs of flow visualization, it was found that these phenomena were caused by the difference of flow pattern in the downward and horizontal flow region of the U-bent pipes.

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Processes of forming an organized turbulent thermal plume are investigated in unstable stratified and in combined stably and unstably stratified turbulent flows between parallel flat plates by conditional sampling measurement, in which temperature fluctuation near the wall is used as the detecting signal. The turbulent thermal plume is found to form in an unstable region of both combined and unstable stratified flows. The width of turbulent thermal plume increases downstream in developing unstablystratified turbulent flow. In combined stratified flow, however, development of the thermal plume is suppressed because the stably stratified flow existed over the unstable flow.

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We evaluated the ride comfort of high-speed railway vehicle for the section between Morioka and Shin-Aomori in Tohoku Shinkansen-line by using the optical topography. Although the result shows the unclear correlation between the ride quality level and the stress brain index (LIR) estimated by the difference between left and right cerebral blood flow, we obtained the clear correlation between the tendency of ride quality level variation and LIR variation for the each section. For the correlation parameters between differences of LIR and ride quality level, 0.72 for the vertical vibration and 0.69 for the lateral vibration, respectively, were obtained. In addition, we found that the objective estimation of the optical topography has a high potential to evaluate the riding comfort for the total experimental condition in detail under the time series and/or the running section.

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Stuctural FEM analysis on railway car bodies made of aluminium hollow extrusions under uniformly distributed normal load was carried out. For the structural analysis on hollow extrusion structure car body, the method to substitute equivalent orthogonal anisotropic plates for hollow extrusions and the character of shell elements must be considered. The equivalent orthogonal anisotropic plate is obtained through the selection of four main rigidities which describe principal deformation of car body. For the characteristics of shell elements, element division on pier panel enough to describe its shear deformation must be considered. The FEM result which is calculated with orthogonal anisotropic plates and the characteristic of shell elements are in good agreement with the load test result.

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蓄冷材として特に注目されている, リキッドアイスと呼ばれる, 流動性のある氷の連続生成を目的に, 垂直円管内において非水溶性不凍液と水との直接接触による伝熱実験を行った.また流れの可視化写真を撮影し, その流れ構造を明らかにした.これらの結果より, 垂直円管を用いたリキッドアイスの連続生成が, 可能であることを明らかにするとともに, 容量係数を用いた実験式を得た.これらの実験式から, 伝熱効率, 水に対する氷の質量比が実験範囲内において, 総流量に対する水流量の比で表されることを明らかにした.

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リキッドアイスと呼ばれる, 流動性のある氷が蓄冷材として特に注目されている.著者らは前論文で, 内径22mmの直管内において, 零下の非水溶性不凍液と水との直接接触による伝熱実験を行い, 容量係数に関する実験式を得た.本研究では, この容量係数に及ぼす管径の影響を調べ, 容量係数が管径比および流量比の一次関数で示されることを明らかにした.また蛇管を用いた同様の実験を行い, 蛇管を用いることによって装置の小型化を可能にした.蛇管の場合, 容量係数の管径への依存性がほとんど見られず, 流量比の指数関数で示された.

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To further improve the ride quality of Shinkansen vehicles, it is necessary to reduce the vibration of the vehicle carbody. A vibration analysis model is required in order to efficiently consider vibration reduction methods. In this paper, we proposed a vibration analysis model that can express the vibration modes of the carbody around 40 Hz. The validity of the model was verified by comparing the calculated results with the measured results.

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平行平板間において, その下流部で壁面を高温に急変させると上面から安定成層が, 下面から不安定層が発達し, 共存密度成層乱流場が形成される.このような共存密度成層乱流場において速度および温度を同時に測定し, 共存密度成層乱流の発達過程における流れ場の構造および乱流輸送について検討した.安定成層側と不安定成層側では密度成層の発達が異なるため速度, 温度, 乱流諸量の分布が非対称な流れ場となる.また結合確率密度分布から不安定成層内部で生じた間欠的な上昇流は, 安定層内部にまで影響を及ぼしていることが明らかになった.両成層流の界面近傍で乱流熱流速の逆勾配拡散の存在が観察された.

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High speed railway has a large role as transportation between cities. However, there is a problem that high frequency vibration increases under high speed running. It causes a bad influence on the ride comfort. In the previous study, a model reproducing vibration characteristics of the seat for high speed railway was constructed. Since the reproducibility of the vibration characteristics is not high by using previous model, we aim to improve the previous model in this study. First, we investigated the vibration characteristics of the seat and compared with the simulation result. Second, we identified where the model needs improvement and change the structure. Finally, we compared the simulation results with the experimental ones again and verified the validity. In conclusion, in part of the model improved accuracy more than before.

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近年，我が国では大都市を中心に保育所待機児童の発生が問題視され，施設の拡充等による子育て支援体制の強化が求められている．保育所の需給ギャップと空間的ミスマッチを解決するため，保育所アクセシビリティに関する研究が行われてきた．しかし，いくつかの課題も残されていた．そこで，本研究では，それらの課題を解決するため，マッチング理論を応用した新たな保育所アクセシビリティ指標を提案し，名古屋市緑区を対象として，新たな保育所アクセシビリティを用いた分析を行った．その結果，より現実に近い入所選考プロセスを表現可能となり，保育所アクセシビリティの空間分布だけでなく，待機児童の発生を分析可能であることが確認できた．

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In this study, the relation between the thermal environment and thermal comfort of passengers in a main line vehicle in summer was investigated. At first, to understand the characteristics of the thermal environment in a main line vehicle, a field survey was conducted by measuring the temperature and humidity in regular passenger services from the morning to the night. The observation range of the temperature was from 23℃ to 28℃, and that of the humidity was from 38%rh to 68%rh. Then, to obtain the fundamental data about the passengers’ thermal comfort, a subjective experiment in which 44 subjects in total participated was carried out. The subjects rode a main line vehicle stationed at a rolling stock center, and they experienced the temperature changing approximately in the observation range in the field survey and answered questionnaires about their thermal comfort. Furthermore, the relationships between the thermal indices called PMV/PPD and the subjective evaluation values were analyzed. As a result, it was indicated that the error of the PPD in predicting the percentage of dissatisfied subjects became large in the range PMV>0, where the effect of the sweat sensation became significant. However, the PPD agreed well with the actual percentage of people who reported feeling ‘slightly cold’, ‘cold’ or ‘slightly hot’, ‘hot’. Our results suggest that the PPD can be used as an index of the variability of thermal sensation, but not of thermal comfort in a main line vehicle in summer.

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