The aim of this article is to examine the media theory of Murobuse Koshin, a well-known critic of civilization in the Taisho era. Though he is often said to have been a convert, he was always trying to elucidate the essence of the realization of democracy in mass society.I examine his analysis of the role of magazines published for women, the manipulative character of radio civilization, the sensationalism of journalism, and Shoriki Matutaro's interpretation of mass culture. Murobuse's conclusion was that the emancipation of human beings was "returning to earth", whice means spiritual fulfillment to cope with modern society.

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