This study evaluates the impact of the vacant lots on the outdoor thermal environment and building heat load in the summer in an historical urban district using the 3D CAD-based thermal environment simulator. In this study, The spatial geometry and material data in 1979 and 2009 are collected and the 3D CAD model of the site scaled 1:500 is completed. As a result of numerical simulation, Heat Island Potential, which is the evaluation index of the sensible heat flux to the atmosphere, of the site where the adjacent site became vacant lots in 2009 is 20°C at a maximum higher than that in 1979. Furthermore, the heat loads of the buildings adjacent to vacant lots is about 1.2-1.4 times as large as that of other buildings that have the equivalent total floor area and heat insulation capacity. Therefore, the increase of the vacant lots affects the changes of the outdoor thermal environment in the site and the heat load of the buildings adjacent to the vacant lots.

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 In recent years, Japanese Domestic carbon dioxide emission has been increased though the population has been decreasing. It is said that the reasons of the increase are the number of household has been growing, and lifestyle of people has changed and consume more energy by utilize many kinds of electronic devices.
 This paper analyzed Estimation of Population Projections and Domestic Energy Consumption according to family types. The survey was targeted especially elderly household in a suburban residential district in Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture as a model case. The area had developed for housing project in postwar of Japan and the population has been decreasing every year, as the other similar type of suburban residential district in the surrounding area and the other suburban cities in Japan have same problem. The issue was analyzed the following procedure.
 At first, Population Projection for 2050 in Suburban residential district were studied in order to analyze trend of depopulation and what type of family has inhabited in Tsuchiura city.
 Secondly, the estimation of number of Household of Amakawa residential district in 2050 was analyzed in order to predict the number of vacant lot in the area and make the future Issue clear in the same kinds of suburban area. It clarified that vacant lot of 2050 would be almost eight times of 2010.
 Finally, survey of the energy consumption and questionnaire were held in Amakawa residential district in 2010 to revealed the lifestyle of residents and their household CO₂ emissions according to family types especially for the elderly resident's household.
 The result was clarified that the amount of CO₂ Emissions elderly single households were indicated high score compared to the elderly couple and the other type of household. And it is expected to be the same kind of situation might happen gradually in the other residential districts in the Tsuchiura city in near future.
 It needs further investigation of their lifestyle and the domestic energy consumptions by more examples.

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Noise, vibration and pollution caused by intensive automobile traffic not only lead to mental stress and physical suffering, but they also seem to change social life among street residents. This article analyzes the effect of traffic on social behavior and community sentiment of street residents. Major part of the data used in the study draws on interview which was taken with 400 housewives random-sampled from eight areas in Tsuchiura-city. The eight areas were chosen so as to represent different levels of traffic flow. Regression analysis was performed in order to see if there is significant correlation between traffic conditions and residents' social becavior and attitudes across these eight areas. Following are the variables used in the analysis. (1) Controlling variables ; Age, Income, Automobile-owning, and Automobileusage : (2) Traffic-conditions variables (to represent objective traffic condition and subjective evaluation of street environment by residents); Traffic-flow, Noise, Exhaust-gas, Vibration, Difficulty-in-crossing, and Difficulty-in-visiting : (3) Community variables (to represent residents' social behavior and attitudes); Outdoor-walking-hours, Neighboring, and Desire-to-settle.
The result of the analysis shows that traffic interferes with residents' street crossing and makes visiting and neighboring difficult. This means that due to the traffic the residents have become less likely to visit neighbors and extend social contact. Also heavy traffic reduces residents' outdoor-walking-hours considerably, indicating that they are spending more time indoors and in cars. The consequence of this would be decrease in chances for people to meet on streets and exchange casual conversation. Moreover intensive traffic minimizes residents' desire to settle in the area, which will most possibly lead to lowering of their identity and sentiment as a member of community. In sum, the data indicate that traffic has negative effect on neighborhood cohesion and community integration. Particularly in Japanese cities where streets have played a special role in formation of city culture, it constitutes a critical problem that traffic has deprived of residents social life on streets.

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The paper reports on the application of real time Delphi method to group social survey in the evaluation of residential environment -roadside areas with heavy traffic as a case.
The performance of social survey methods is appraised with respect to those characteristics as representativity of samples, identifiability of the sampled people, stability of responses, accuracy in communicating the meaning of the questions, quickness of response and economy of execution. Subjectives' accessibility to objective facts and to other people's opinions are judged to be essential to secure the accurate communication and high stability of responses.
A group survey method experimented here employed real time Delphi method where inquiries and answers were iterated along with the group's total opinion fedback to the participants. The effectiveness of this information exchange scheme process were examined in comparison with the results from personal interviews executed beforehand.
In June 1981, four experimental conferences were held at the Evauation Laboratory of Man Environment Systems (ELMES) set up in NIES, with the aim of evaluating the environment of roadside areas. In those conferences, 17 to 24 citizens of Tuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture, selected randomly from the subjectives interviewed three months before, gave weights by rating method (the values vary from 0 to 100) to 7 items which represented characteristics of roadside areas' environment, such as noise, vibration, air pollution, dust, litter, pedestrian danger and difficulty in crossing the road. Electronic voting device, which accumulates the participants' votes immediately, indicated to them the average points scored by the group after every voting. This procedure were iterated three times with discussions among participants in between. After the weighting of indivisual items, participants are asked to assign grades in five steps to their nearby environment. This process were iterated twice with discussions in between.
Conclusions conducted from those experimental conferences are as follows: 1) In examining the results from interview and conference, the scored values concerning the participants' nearby residential environment were not so stable. And the rating method was judged to be unstable for weighting in comparison to the pairwise rating method (the linear weighting method), based on large variation observed among participants' opinions. 2) Employment of real time Delphi in a group conferences leads to gradual stabilization of serial responses. 3) On the assumption that the comprehensive environmental evaluation of roadside areas were estimated by the linear combination form of the 7 items, the coincidence of the regression model with the participants' total evaluation on the environment were examined. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.949 estimated from the conference, in comparison to 0.753 from the personal interview, showed the effectiveness of real time Delphi method in evaluating the residential environment comprehensively.
In addition to those results, discussions held in the conferences clearly showed the differences of the environmental perceptions among participants. And answers to the inquiries asked after the conferences indicated that the information exchange scheme employed to the conferences promoted participants' motivation to participate in this kind of group conferences.

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本稿は,群馬県勢多郡赤城村三原田諏訪上遺跡で発掘調査された奈良時代後半から平安時代初頭の瓦塔を安置したと推定される仏堂跡の,調査概要及び古代上野の仏教信仰についての考察を主題としている。北関東地方の群馬県では,当該;期の民衆層に影響を及ぼした仏教に関連する遺跡の調査は稀であり,三原田諏訪上遺跡では集落に付属して,瓦塔を安置した仏堂が存在することが判明した。この仏堂は,地形を施した礎石建物で大棟を甍棟か熨棟程度にする部分的な瓦葺構造であったことが推定でき,瓦塔を安置するための基壇に相当する施設が造られていることも判明した。
上毛の山並みに抱かれた赤城山の麓において,8世紀後半に出現した集落は9世紀中頃には途絶えるようであり,集落と一体となった仏堂の展開が予測できることから,東国社会において瓦塔を安置して礼拝対象としたその信仰の実態を窺うことができる。本遺構の検討によって,古代上野の農村社会における瓦塔信仰の背景にある仏教信仰の展開も予測したい。

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