Through data collection, house mapping and interviews, this paper takes Shengli Village of Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County in Liaoning Province as an example to study the process of changes and the causes of traditional Manchu residence in modern times. The results are as follows:
 1) In order to securing privacy and pursue the comfort and convenience, the vestibule and Livingroom are appeared which the traditional Manchu residence don't have. The vestibule has the effect of blocking external cold air and lampblack from kitchen into the bedroom, but because it is very cold in winter so it is limited to the function of the passage between the entrance, kitchen and bedroom. Although the Livingroom (in bedroom) is an attempt that the young household divide the bedroom's privacy and functional differentiation, but there is no heating equipment so the number of the Livingroom (in bedroom) is not many. Instead of it, the Livingroom that formed by the enlargement of the vestibule has been popular since 1990s under the influence of urban housing. Setting up radiator in the Livingroom and the glass entrance at the gate is a mainstream, if introduce electric heating equipment such as air conditioners and electric heaters into village in the future, there is high possibility that the Livingroom will replace the Wanzi Kang to become the center of the new rural housing.
 2) The characteristics of the spatial composition of traditional Manchu residence are disappearing as the modernization. In Northeast China where the cold season lasts for 5 months, the heating is the most important necessary factor of building in winter, Wanzi Kang in bedroom of traditional Manchu residence is the most typical heating facility and the public and private life activities such as hospitality, togetherness, meal, sleep, etc. are all on it. But since the 1980s, the private space has been trended to reduce and the public space has been trended to expand, in order to expand the area of Livingroom and kitchen and the number of bedrooms, the spacious bedroom with Wanzi Kang is reduced, this is the method that “一” type Kang also can ensure the heat preservation effect. The most of people who still use Wanzi kang are elderly and the yang people prefer to sleep with “一” type Kang and bed.
 3) In recent years, the human feces has not been used as fertilizer, the Pit toilet are gradually removed, especially since 2000, water supply and sewage facilities have been partially developed and in order to improve the sanitary and convenient, there are 12/20 cases have been equipped with indoor toilets and the shower is also advanced. It is estimated that it will be popular in the future and presumed that there is a high possibility that the plane composition “bedroom + Livingroom + kitchen + toilet/shower” will be mainstream.

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 The aim of this study is to verify the annual characteristics of indoor environments in facilities for the elderly in cold regions. The temperatures, humidity and CO₂ concentrations were measured in rooms and common spaces of 4 facilities for the elderly in Finland Espoo and 4 facilities for the elderly in Hokkaido Sapporo through a year. At first, the daily characteristics and the annual characteristics of indoor environments were analyzed. Secondly, the required humidification rate to control the indoor relative humidity to meet 40RH% (SEHMB: Standard for Environment and Health Management of a Building) were calculated using the results of the long-term measurements. The required humidification rates on condition that carbon dioxide concentrations are same as the measured concentrations and the rate on condition that the concentration controlled to 800ppm were calculated and the results of Finnish facilities and those of Hokkaido’s facilities were compared. Thirdly, the energy loads for ventilation and humidification and the influenza concentrations were calculated with these conditions on ventilation. The results showed the followings.

 1. In winter, the outdoor temperatures of Finnish facilities are not so different from those of Hokkaido’s facilities. However in mild or cooling seasons, the outdoor temperatures and absolute humidity are higher in Hokkaido than in Finland.

 2. Temperatures are well controlled in winter by floor heating systems in both Finnish facilities and Hokkaido’s facilities.

 3. Even if the portable humidifiers were used in Hokkaido’s facilities, the humidity is lower than the standard 40RH% .The indoor humidity is lower in Finnish facilities and the indoor absolute humidity is same as the outdoor in Finnish facilities where humidifiers are not used at all.

 4. In summer, the absolute humidity decreases in Hokkaido’s facilities where cooling systems were used in the common spaces. However the absolute humidity did not decrease in Finnish facilities.

 5. The concentrations of carbon dioxide were enough lower than the SEHMB 1000ppm in all facilities. The concentrations change with the dwellers behaviors especially in Hokkaido’s facilities where they open windows and operate ventilation fan in order to control smell and risk of influenza infection.

 6. Because the ventilation rate are kept higher in Finish facilities, the risk of influenza infection is lower in Finish facilities than in Hokkaido’s facilities.

 7. Because heat recovery systems are used in Finish facilities, the energy load of humidification and ventilation is kept lower in Finish facilities.

 These results showed that it is necessary to control both ventilation and humidification considering energy loads and influenza infection risks.

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