In the behaviour to the cast iron structure, carbide forming metallic element M is very analogous to oxygen in respect of promoting white cast ironization, although the amount of each element is very different.
This behaviour was examined from various standpoints. As the mechanism of white cast ironization of oxygen is explained by the existence and quantity of Fe-O-C-Fe cluster, so it is clarified that Fe-M-C cluster exists in liquid cast iron and by this cluster the mechanism of white cast ironization of M is explained analogously.
The experimental proof that oxygen and M behave to cast iron structure in the same manner is given by the experiments of reducing oxygen in cast iron melt.
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