[Purpose] This study was conducted to compare the swallowing function

quality of life (QOL) in stroke patients with dysphagia by oral intake level. [Subjects Methods] Seventy-nine stroke patients with dysphagia were enrolled. All subjects were evaluated by using the Swallowing Function Test (SFT) the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire. The subjects were divided into two group based on the SFT score: oral intake (OI) non-oral intake () groups. The SFT SWAL-QOL scores were then compared between the groups. [Results] There were significant differences in items in the SFT, except for the respiratory item, between the OI group the group. There were significant differences in all items on the SWAL-QOL, except for the sleep item, between the OI group the group. [Conclusion] Oral intake was positively associated the swallowing function QOL in stroke patients with dysphagia. Safe intervention using oral intake treatments during dysphagia rehabilitation may have a positive effect on the patients’ swallowing function QOL.

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This paper proposes a method for eliminating multicollinearity from linear regression models. Specifically, we select the

subset of explanatory variables subject to the upper bound on the condition number of the correlation matrix of selected variables. We first develop a cutting plane algorithm that, to approximate the condition number constraint, iteratively appends valid inequalities to the mixed integer quadratic optimization problem. We also devise a mixed integer semidefinite optimization formulation for subset under the condition number constraint. Computational results demonstrate that our cutting plane algorithm frequently provides solutions of better quality than those obtained using local search algorithms for subset . Additionally, subset by means of our optimization formulation succeeds when the number of candidate explanatory variables is small.

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Background: The long-term effects of occupational injury (OI) on psychiatric diseases are unclear. This study assessed

compared the effects of OI, no injury (control), non-OI () on the development of psychiatric diseases.

Methods: We used Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to investigate the incidence of psychiatric disorders in OI,

, control groups. The subjects were aged 20–50 years, actively employed in 2000, did not have history of injury or psychiatric disorders. All subjects were followed from 2000 were classified into OI, , control groups according to occurrence of target injury later on. Individuals in each group were matched by age, sex, insurance premium before the index date, year of the index date. Psychiatric disease-free days were compared among the groups using survival analysis Cox regression.

Results: We included a total of 12,528 patients for final analysis, with 4,176 in each group. Compared with the control group, the OI group had an increased occurrence of trauma

stress-related disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol other substance dependence. These increases were similar to those in the group. Elevated cumulative incidence rate of any psychiatric disorders was observed among those with OI or up to 10 years after injury.

Conclusion: We confirmed that OI

induced psychiatric disorders. These findings highlight the need for workers’ compensation mechanisms to consider long-term psychological care among injured workers.

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Farm forestry in tropical areas is an effective method for reforestation, but farm forestry in Vietnam has been little studied. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that promote expansion of farm forestry. We selected two villages that actively practiced farm forestry in northern Vietnam. Information about the history of villages reforestation projects was obtained from interviews with village leaders government officials. Household surveys interviews concerning reforestation activities were conducted in 25% of all households in the two villages. The study site is located near the circulation route of pulpwood cinnamon bark its altitude is suitable for the growth of cinnamon. In the study site, many reforestation projects were introduced with various tree species under the "Land Allocation" policy. Many households expected income from cinnamon participated in the reforestation projects. However, busy households with livestock, large home gardens, /or off-farm activities prefer styrax, a fast-growing species that needs little management. Here, farmers selected tree species based on their livelihood activities planting objectives. This study suggests that several factors should be considered for implementation of farm forestry, including government policy, natural conditions, access to markets, farmer's livelihood activities.

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タイ国産生薬プラウノイは, 現地では外傷治療薬等の民間薬として使用されている.このプラウノイが強力な抗潰瘍作用を有することがわかったのでその栽培研究に着手した.
まずプラウノイ樹木の繁殖法を検討した.プラウノイ樹木の繁殖法として茎挿のミスト繁殖がもっとも簡単で一度に多くの苗木が得られた.茎挿に用いる挿穂の年齢と部位は2年枝の頂部が, また茎挿の時期は10月から2月の生長休止期が最適で, これらの条件下で茎挿の発根率がもっとも高かった.発根剤はIBAの5ppmが取木の発根を高めた.

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トウキ (Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa) は, 日本や韓国, 中国, ベトナムその他のアジア諸国で生薬として用いられる多年生の薬用植物である.トウキの良質苗を得る目的で, 種子の重さおよび比重による選別が発牙および閉鎖型苗生産システムでの苗の初期成長に及ぼす影響について検討した.種子発芽の適温は20℃であった.種子を重量別に選別した結果, 種子重が重いほど発芽率が高まり, 苗の全乾物重および根の直径が増加した.また, 根/茎葉比は種子重が重くなるほど高まる傾向を示した.種子の吸水量は種子重に影響を受け, 軽いものほど速やかに増加したが, 平均発芽日数は長くなった.同様に, 種子を比重別に選別した結果, 種子比重が高いものほど発芽率と出芽率が高まり, 苗の全乾物重および根の直径が増加し, 初期成長量が促進した.また, 根/茎葉比は種子比重が高まるほど高まる傾向を示した.以上の結果, 種子の重さおよび比重による選別により, 種子重は3.1mg以上, 種子比重は1.12以上で苗の全乾物重が増加し良質苗が得られることが示された.

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We propose a quality classification methodology based on optimal textural feature . This method employs the wavelet packet transform to decompose the original image into multiple-resolution images. Wavelet texture analysis is applied to extract quality-related features from subimages. Optimal textural feature is employed to select the discriminative texture in accordance with class information. The previously used basis approach is incapable of optimal texture classification when combined with wavelet texture analysis. The proposed texture classification method unifies the basis approach with wavelet texture analysis. Further, we improve the previous basis to obtain an optimal basis using a simple rule to select discriminative signatures. The proposed methodology is applied validated for classifying the surface quality of rolled steel sheets. Experimental results show that features extracted using the proposed method are more discriminative than those obtained using the basis in terms of classification performance Fisher's index.

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In this paper, a new MIMO antenna for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications is designed

proposed. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two single UWB antenna elements, one acts as a magnetic dipole while the other as an electric one, to reduce mutual coupling. In order to reduce further the mutual coupling, a copper stub is used to isolate the two antenna elements. The designed MIMO UWB antenna provides a broad operating bandwidth from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz, while achieving low mutual coupling VSWR ≤ 2. Various performance characteristics of the antenna such as radiation patterns, VSWR, the maximal gain are thoroughly investigated by simulations experiments.

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are often designed on IEEE 802.11 standards

are being widely studied due to their adaptability in practical network scenarios, where the overall performance has been improved by the use of the Multi-Radio Multi-Channel (MRMC) configuration. However, because of the limitation on the number of available orthogonal channels radios on each router, the network still suffers from low throughput due to packet collisions. Many studies have demonstrated that the optimized channel assignment to radio interfaces so as to avoid interference among wireless links is an effective solution. However, no existing channel assignment scheme can achieve hidden-terminal-free transmission thus avoid communication performance degradation given the limited number of orthogonal channels. In this paper, we propose a new static channel assignment scheme CASCA (CSMA-aware Static Channel Assignment) based on a Partial MAX-SAT formulation of the channel assignment problem that incorporates a CSMA-aware interference model. The evaluation results show that CASCA achieves hidden-terminal-freedom in both grid random topology networks with 3-4 orthogonal channels with preservation of network connectivity. In addition, the network simulation results show that CASCA presents good communication performance with low MAC-layer collision rate.

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Dengue fever is a major health problem in Vietnam, but its incidence differs from province to province. To understand this at the local level, we assessed the effect of four weather components (humidity, rainfall, temperature sunshine) on the number of dengue cases in nine provinces of Vietnam. Monthly data from 1999 to 2009 were analysed by time-series regression using negative binomial models. A test for heterogeneity was applied to assess the weather-dengue association in the provinces. Those associations were significantly heterogeneous (for temperature, humidity, sunshine: P < 0.001 heterogeneity test; for rainfall: P = 0.018 heterogeneity test). This confirms that weather components strongly affect dengue transmission at a lag time of 0 to 3 months, with considerable variation in their influence among different areas in Vietnam. This finding may promote the strategic prevention of dengue disease by suggesting specific plans at the local level, rather than a nationally unified approach.

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Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a stochastic multi point search algorithm. A PSO family that is applied to multi-objective optimization problems is called multi-objective PSO. The main differences between single-objective PSO multi-objective PSO are ``archive'' ``guide ''. Non-dominated solutions obtained by multi-objective PSO are stored in archive archived members are candidates to approximate the Pareto optimal front. Therefore the archived members should be close to the true Pareto front cover the true Pareto front widely uniformly. In order to get better solutions, it is important that how to select the guides, what parameter to be used how to approximate the Pareto optimal front. In this paper, a guide method in which either a personal or a global is selected depending on single interested objective function among all functions is proposed. Some combinations of the proposed guide method with conventional guide methods are examined by using several well known benchmark problems. The results show that employing the proposed guide method leads to better coverage on faster convergence to the Pareto optimal front.

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Most of GHG emissions are caused by burning fossil fuel. Energy glutton sector is mainly composed of transportation, industry, building so on. We chose cement industry because it's one of the biggest energy glutton industries. We analyzed the GHG emissions reduction potential in the sintering process of Cement industry. Alternative fuels can be used into the sintering process which currently consumes large amount of coal. Therefore this study's goal is GHG reduction potential estimation in the cement sintering process. Korea Cement industrial association recently called for a voluntary 5 percent reduction in greenhouse gases by 2015. CO2 reduction in the cement industry is possible by numerous ways, but the use of alternative energy for CO2 reduction in future is predicted. When we are considering the heat balance the emission factor, the waste fuel is Pet Cokes. Korea Cement Industrial Association target of 5% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2015 can be realized by using alternative energy.

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In this letter, we address the performance analysis of underlay selective decode--forward (DF) relay networks in Rayleigh fading channels with non-necessarily identical fading parameters. In particular, a novel result on the outage probability of the considered system is presented. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the correctness of our exact closed-form expression. Our proposed analysis can be adopted for various underlay spectrum sharing applications of cognitive DF relay networks.

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An improved way to select a feature subset for decision tree induction is presented. The method is based on a heuristic that is defined by means of explanation paths of the decision tree. Although the method emp1oys a control structure that is similar to the wrapper model, it is much more eflicient because the heuristic that controls the search requires to call an induction algorithm much less times than the wrapper model. Experiments prove that the algorithm is as effective as the wrapper model, not only to simplify decision trees but also to improve generalization ability. L-usefulness, a newly defined property of a feature

theoretical background of the method, is also discussed.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food for people in Laos, where it has been grown eaten since prehistory. Diverse landraces are grown in Laos. ‘Khao Kai ’, a landrace favored for its eating quality, is held in the nationwide collection of traditional landraces in the Lao national genebank. Genetic diversity is crucial for sustainable use of genetic resources conservation. To investigate the genetic diversity of ‘Khao Kai ’ for conservation, we genotyped 70 accessions by using 23 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. The markers generated 2 to 17 alleles (132 in total), with an average of 5.7 per locus. The total expected heterozygosity over all ‘Khao Kai ’ accessions was 0.271. Genetic variation was largest among accessions smallest within accessions. Khao Kai accessions were classified into three different genetic backgrounds, but there was unclear association between the three inferred population name subgroups geographical distribution. Most of the accessions were clustered with temperate japonica showed genetic relatedness to rice from neighboring provinces of Vietnam, suggesting a Vietnamese origin. The results of this study will contribute to the conservation, core collection future breeding of the Khao Kai population.

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