Violins have attracted much interest of many acoustic engineers or researchers compared with the other instruments because of their , shape and their complex structure. In this study, the characteristics of sound produced by violins were investigated based on acoustics and vibration technique. Time and frequency domain of acquired sound pressure were investigated between a fabricated bowing device to keep a bow constant speed and a professional player of violins. Modal analysis for the violin was conducted under two boundary conditions. In order to obtain high frequency response function, the swept excitation using a sound source was conducted. The frequency response function and the modal shape were compared between two conditions.

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In recent years, the healing music of low and middle frequency sound is very popular among every generation. While, it is told that the highest quality sound such as Stradivarius violin includes smooth harmonic sound over 20kHz which is not audible but is one of the reason for the . Therefore, the healing effect of high note sound such as trumpet and cymbal are newly tested by the electroencephalogram (hereafter EEG) of a simplified brain waves device when audiences are listening to a Super Audio CD (hereafter SACD) and an actual musical instrument. As a result, the high note and high quality sound not only generates alpha wave but beta wave, which means that the high quality sound is affected to the brain waves and is well balanced with hearing and exciting effects. In the near future, this analysis method using EEG and sensory evaluation will be reflected to the further improvement of cymbal sound quality.

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We studied the sound forming process for making musical instruments in musical instrument play systems, to find what factors effect the process of designing and fabricating the musical instrument has on forming the sound and we attempted to model the musical instrument sound forming process.

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[Purpose] The objective of this study is to identify the influence of ocarina practices on the lung function of a group of healthy female ocarina players aged 40 and above in comparison to an age-matched group of females with no experience with ocarina playing. [Participants and Methods] Spirometry measurement has been conducted on both groups of 35 healthy females aged 40 and above, one with regular participation in ocarina practices (experimental group) and the other without (control group). [Results] FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC values of those in the experiment group who practiced ocarina on a regular basis turned out to be significantly higher than the control group, and there was no significant difference on FVC. [Conclusion] This study indicates that ocarina practices on a regular basis helps middle-aged females improve their lung functions particularly in FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC.

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Music education in deaf schools in Japan usually focuses on visual information. This study proposes a new curriculum for hearing-impaired children based on Schafer’s A Sound Education which I used to teach music to hearing-impaired children at a deaf school in Aomori over two school years. Throughout the study, participation observation was utilized to discern the behavior of the students. Six elementary and two high school students were selected as participants to practice the sound education exercises. Analysis of the observation data revealed that these exercises helped hearing-impaired children to hear various sounds, suggesting the necessity of music classes based on sound education. Keywords: sound education, hearing-impaired children, participation observation

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英語動詞make は、英語学習者にとって基本的な動詞であり、“They made their flat into a beautiful home,” においては「あるものを別のものに変える」、“The smoke made him cough,” においては「誰かにあることをさせたり感じさせたりする」というのがmake の意味とされる。 　本論文では、⑴動作主と被動作主が存在する。⑵動作主は意図を持つ。⑶動作主は被動作主に接触する。⑷変化の結果は物理的である。などのSVO 構文に共通して存在するとされる特徴をもとにmake の意味的拡張を分析する。この結果が、英語学習や教育に貢献することが期待される。

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Recently, researches on interactive art regarding computer graphics and computer music are actively performed. In the computer music, genetic algorithm(GA) and interactive genetic algorithm(IGA) are usually used for the sound generation process, but it is difficult to just handle these methods directly for the music composition. In this research we propose a music composition system based on Twelve-tone Technique that is a music composition technique of the contemporary music. Because it is a technique has an advantage to compose the music step by step, the Twelve-tone Technique has an advantage that it is suitable for the composition of computer music. Making of twelve-tone Technique is an important process to determine the subject and atmosphere of music. However, it is difficult for a human without the knowledge of music to evaluate twelve-tone rows. In this paper, we design the fitness function based on the relation between the consonance interval and dissonant interval that are a part of general musical theory and perform the automatic generation of twelve-tone row by searching the consonance tone row with GA. We confirmed the effectiveness of this system by constructing the simulator that generates twelve-tone rows and executing the comparison questionnaire of twelve-tone rows made by the simulator and human.

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アーティストの演奏などの影響で、楽器習得を試みるる人は多い。しかし、サックスのような、美しい音を出すまでにかなりの練習を伴う場合、習得を諦めてしまう人も多くいる。そこで本研究では、対象楽器をサックスとして、楽器未経験者でも熟練者ような美しい音色で演奏できる電子楽器を制作することを目的とした。また、作成したプロトタイプを実際に使ってもらうことで、その有効性を確認した。

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ギターを練習する初心者はまず運指の練習が必要であり，弦を押さえて正確な音を出すことは困難である．本 稿では，弦をうまく抑えられない初心者のために，画像処理を用いたギター練習支援システムを提案する．具体的に は，画像処理技術を用いてギターの弦やフレット及び左手による運指情報を認識し，対応する音を出力させることで， 初心者が運指の練習に集中し，音を聴きながら練習できる手法を提案する．システムはギターの初期位置を取得し， 演奏中は特徴点とセンサ情報を用いてギターの位置を追跡する．また，指先を検出し押さえている弦を推定する．評 価実験では，ギターを追跡するための特徴点マッチングとギターの傾き検出の精度評価及び押弦推定の精度評価を行 い，それぞれの評価項目の成功率が高いことを示した．

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楽器用の木材は音響上高品質が要求される。本研究では日本国内で大量に生産されているピアノに注目し,ピアノに使用される木材,特に響板材料がどのように変化しているのか明らかにする。日本においてピアノ生産が本格的に開始されたのは戦後のことである。特に昭和30年代後半からピアノの生産量は急増した。このピアノ生産量の増加に対応するために原材料,特に木材の安定供給が必要不可欠であった。当時日本で一般的に使用されていた響板材料であるエゾマツは資源量が減少し,伐採量も急激に落ち込み始めていた。しかし昭和36年に木材の輸入が自由化され,エゾマツの代替材としてシトカスプルースが使用され始めた。現在ではシトカスプルースが供給の安定性という点で主流となっている。しかしながら,量的には少なくなっているがエゾマツの利用が続いているほか,近年ではヨーロピアンスプルースやチャイニーズスプルースの利用が始まっている。ピアノ製造業では,ピアノ需要の落ち込みによる生産量減少に対応するため,グレードの違う木材を利用することで幅広いユーザーの獲得を目指している。

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Science Window is a magazine that introduces science and technology. Both adults and children can enjoy it. Let's think about the relationship between science and technology and society to realize a better future.

―SDGs Special Issue 2022: The Age of Diversity―

A Driving Force to Accelerate Innovation - Interview with Yoko Nameki

The 'Daredemo Piano (The Auto-Accompanied Piano),' Born from the Wish of a High School Student - Interview with Oko Arai

Unearthing the Latent Abilities of People with Disabilities

COLUMN: Improving Society Through Gender Equality - Interview with Narie Sasaki

COLUMN: The Challenge to Remove Fuel Debris - Interview with Misaki Iwabuchi

Positive Childbirth Boosted by Appropriate Information Sharing

An Underwater Drone Developed by a Pair Who Studied Worldwide

Constructing a Story and Sharing It with Many People - Interview with Shun Kawakubo

Making More Use of Rainwater in Daily Life

COLUMN: Exciting Futures on the World Stage - Interview with the Recipients of the Maria Sklodowska Curie Award for Young Women in Research

'STI for SDGs' Award 2022 Awarded Initiatives

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