The

model is proposed as a new method for finding discrimination rules. The method is based on the itemset lattice used in association rule mining. Items arising from explanation attributes are employed to construct the lattice, while the distribution of the class values of the supporting instances is attached to each node in the lattice. The gini-index is used to indicate the potential of the node. The introduction of node potential suggests an image of cascades, with nodes as lakes and links as waterfalls, in which an instance corresponds to a drop of water falling down the cascades. The power of a link is analogous to the hydroelectric power of a waterfall. The problem of finding discrimination rules is then formulated as a search for powerful waterfalls in the cascades. the model has been implemented as the DISCAS system, using a new pruning criterion to avoid combinatorial explosion of the number of nodes in the lattice. Algorithms for node generation and rule extraction are described. Application to House voting records shows that the resulting rules are simple and comprehensible.

抄録全体を表示

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder associated with elevated LDL-cholesterol and high lifetime cardiovascular risk. Both clinical and molecular screening programs have been implemented to increase early definition and treatment. In this systematic review, we discuss the main issues found in 65 different articles related to screening and familial hypercholesterolemia, covering a range of topics including different types/strategies, considerations both positive and negative regarding screening in general and associated with the different strategies, cost and coverage consideration, direct and indirect contact with patients, public policy around life insurance and doctor–patient confidentiality, the “right to know,” and public health concerns regarding familial hypercholesterolemia.

抄録全体を表示

This paper explores the effect of a prescribed intense shear flow on the flow structures in an axial flow compressor . An approximate shear flow is generated in the test section of an open circuit wind tunnel by using a planar grid of parallel rods with varying solidity. To study only the effect of shear, a compressor based on NACA65 series with a relatively low camber was chosen. The was analysed experimentally as well as computationally (using ANSYS Fluent). The computational results of the were compared with the available measured data. The results agreed well with the experimental data. Detailed analysis of the numerical results was then carried out to explore the complex flow features caused by the shear flow in a . With uniform flow, the secondary flow was found to be negligible from experiments as well as from the computations. Therefore, in an attempt to amplify secondary flow, a shear flow generator was placed upstream of the . Experiments showed quite contrasting results with shear flow, as compared to the uniform flow, in terms of the wake loss. Numerical analysis revealed the formation of vortices in the wake of the due to secondary flows caused by the incoming shear flow and other interesting flow features.

抄録全体を表示

The ideal with side flow is defined as an ideal where UF₆ of assays lower than that from the final stage is withdrawn, and where also, in addition to the major feed with natural concentration, minor feeds are fed into the . A method of calculation is proposed for finding the flow rates at each stage in an asymmetric ideal with side flow in the case where α=β^s, α, β and s being the heads separation factor, the tails separation factor and integer, respectively. Using this method of calculation, the flow rate of each stage is obtained for an asymmetric ideal with side flow for the case of α=ββ² and for a symmetric ideal with side flow for α=β.

抄録全体を表示

We previously reported that

stomach was associated with reflux symptoms and esophagitis. Delayed gastric emptying has been believed to initiate transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR). We hypothesized that stomach may be associated with frequent TLESR with delayed gastric emptying. Eleven subjects with stomach and 11 subjects without stomach were enrolled. Postprandial gastroesophageal manometry and gastric emptying using a continuous ¹³C breath system were measured simultaneously after a liquid test meal. TLESR events were counted in early period (0–60 min), late period (60–120 min), and total monitoring period. Three parameters of gastric emptying were calculated: the half emptying time, lag time, and gastric emptying coefficient. The median frequency of TLESR events in the stomach and non- stomach groups was 6.0 (median), 4.6 (interquartile range) vs 5.0, 3.0 in the early period, 5.0, 3.2 vs 3.0, 1.8 in the late period, and 10.0, 6.2 vs 8.0, 5.0 in the total monitoring period. TLESR events were significantly more frequent in the stomach group during the late and total monitoring periods. In contrast, gastric emptying parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups. We concluded that TLESR events were significantly more frequent in persons with stomach without delayed gastric emptying.

抄録全体を表示

A series of perofiles for with the prescribed pressure distributions, which are similar to those of the isolated N.A.C.A. 6409 and 6412 airfoil sections, has been developed. Five blades among the series are tested in the low-speed tunnel with the following conclusions.
(i) There exists a fairly good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental turning angles so long as the stagger is not too large.
(ii) Two-dimensional losses of a profile in can be reduced to the amount comparable with that of an isolated airfoils by designing a with a favorable pressre distribution.
(iii) The discrepancies between the theory and the experiments on pressure rise and pressure distribution over blades are chiefly attributed to the increase in axial velocity through the in the mid-stream.

抄録全体を表示

It is necessary to introduce energy systems into the industrial sector in Japan. The aim of this study is to evaluate the energy conservation potential of introducing both energy networks and thermal recycling systems in industries located around urban area. The following industries are thought to be connected to an integrated energy center: rolling copper, printing, bakery, integrated circuit, pharmacy, dairy and refrigerated warehouse. The authors have developed an energy model based on linear programming so as to minimize the total fuel consumption.
Simulation results clearly demonstrate remarkable effectiveness of the energy systems. Energy cascading saves up to 22% of energy demand in the above mentioned sectors. Co-generation systems can enhance energy systems because they supply both heat and electric power at the same time. Increasing the amount of garbage combustor waste heat can reduce electric power for. the turbo refrigerator by promoting waste heat driven ammonia absorption refrigerator.

抄録全体を表示

Effect of the operation of enzymes in packed bed immobilized enzyme reactors is studied. Theoretical calculations reveal that conversions for first-order reactions or for Michaelis-Menten type reactions increase extensively by applying the operation to enzymes suffering from first-order deactivation. Also, considerable reduction of enzyme consumption can be expected; that is, mean residence time of enzymes in reactors can be increased by a factor of two by use of the operation, maintaining the same conversion.
Experimental studies of hydrogenation of pyruvate to lactate, which is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, in connection with 4-stage and 2-stage operations agreed with the above expectations.

抄録全体を表示

A spectral -transport model has been developed and applied to low-Reynolds number turbulent channel flow (i.e. Re_τ = 180 based on friction velocity, u_τ; Re_δ = 2,800 based on mean velocity and channel half-width). This model is an extension of a model we have previously developed for homogeneous single and two-phase flows. A direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent channel flow was used to develop the model and to assess its performance. The resultant model is capable of predicting the mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and energy spectrum profiles for single-phase channel flows and, when superimposing a mechanistic bubble-induced turbulence model, it also predicts turbulent bubbly two-phase flows.

抄録全体を表示

With a view to ensuring more logical application to the theory of centrifuges, the separative factor N'(1-N)/N(1-N'), currently adopted in such studies, is replaced by a "separative coefficient", defined by α=N'/N (N being the mole fraction of ²³⁵U). Using this coefficient, equations expressing the distributions of flow and of isotope concentration are obtained from the material balance relations. Several other equations, applicable to the ideal , giving the separative power and expressing the value function are also derived.
These equations are then utilized in the consideration of control problems, such as the influence of loss and cut, and the treatment of reflux and of product withdrawal from stages other than the top. Simulation of an actual for uranium isotope separation by centrifugation is undertaken with use made of the Monte Carlo method, assuming that losses, cuts, separative coefficients and the feed flow are normally distributed with certain mean values and variances. he mean values of the separative coefficients are assumed to satisfy the equations for a single centrifuge (separative coefficients being functions of flow). The influence of fluctuations in time is taken into account.
The analysis proves that provided the separating units work as prescribed by theory, operation of the centrifuge should not be difficult, since no necessity is indicated for strict control, while at the same time product concentration could be adjusted to a certain extent, and moreover the would not be sensitively affected by losses.

抄録全体を表示

The control technology has been widely implemented through the industries. The focus of this paper is the assessment of a parallel control system scheme against an achievable performance standard. Following the methodology of the univariate control loop performance, a procedure is derived based on the minimum variance and the Diophantine decomposition for the parallel control system. The performance bound is computed using the minimum process variances which depend on the controllers. Besides, the achievable performance bound and the corresponding optimal parameters of the PID controller structure computed from the closed loop operating data are also proposed. It can assess the performance of the current given controller. If the controllers are not operating at the achievable bound, the reduction of the output variability can be achieved based on the estimation of the controller parameters of the PID-achievable performance. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated through a simulation problem and a pilot scaled experiment.

抄録全体を表示

The effect of gravitation on the partial separation efficiency of a impactor has been neglected in the past. However, most industrial dusts contain relatively large particles for which the gravitational force should be taken into account. In this work, a gravitational term is introduced into the equation of particle motion, the resultant theoretical separation efficiency being in good agreement with the experimental results. Consequently, the model appears to represent adequately the separation mechanism of a impactor affected by particle gravity. A method of particle size analysis using a impactor with the gravitational effect is proposed.

抄録全体を表示

　　　In order to address the energy-saving and the recent environmental problems such as global warming due to CO₂ emissions, continuous efforts are required to improve the performance of the steam turbines and the gas turbines, which support the base of energy conversion. With the aim of reducing the secondary flow losses within the highly loaded turbine

, the authors have proposed a new idea to install the plasma actuators on the inlet wall of the turbine . To realize the high-performance concept, experimental investigations to clarify the vortex structure near the enwall of a by using smoke wire technique and PIV as a laser measurement system were carried out. And also, CFD using LES model were conducted to analyze the vortices system in detail by comparing experimental results with calculation. As a result, formation and development of the horseshoe vortex and the passage vortex within the highly loaded turbine became clear through the streaks of smoke generated by the wire, velocity vectors obtained from PIV measurement and LES analysis.

抄録全体を表示

The value function for a symmetric process depends only on the concentration, and is independent of the separation factor of the separator. In the case of an asymmetric process, however, the value function depends not only on the concentration but also on the separation factor of the separator. The values of the net separative work provided by cascades (net separative work meaning the total value for the separators in all the stages of the minus the mixing losses in the )-even when operated under identical conditions (rate and concentration) of product, feed and waste-vary with this value function, which is applied to derive the net separative work of the . In order to eliminate this inconsistency, a normalization factor η is in troduced to normalize the net separative Work of the . And a method is proposed of utilizing this normalization factor to make comparisons of the separative work between separators possessing different separation factors. It is shown that the value of η deviates rapidly from unity with accentuating asymmetry of the separation process. It is concluded that normalization such as proposed above is indispensable for comparing the values of the separative work by separators. possessing a large degree of the separation process asymmetry.

抄録全体を表示

In an axial turbo-machinery, many cascades rotate in the downstream of the preceding . The flow vector variation in the exit of the preceding displays a marked variation of static pressure and flow pattern. It also brings about fatigue failure of blades, generates noise and becomes a cause of losses. In order to predict and control losses in a , it is necessary to analyse wake characteristics of a and the performance of a in non-steady flow. As a first step in the study of unsteady flow through or in a , our experiment is concerned with wakes behind a two-dimensional single aerofoil and . Experiments were made about wakes in transition and turbulent regions behind a single aerofoil and of its chord 30 mm and the aspect ratio 3. The mean velocity and velocity fluctuation were measured by a pitot tube and a hot-wire anemometer. In the transition region, it was shown that a Tollmien-wave interacts with the organ-type acoustic vibration of , and considerable static pressure variation exists in the wake. In the turbulent region, the wake flow is self-preserving even in the immediate neighbourhood of the transition region.

抄録全体を表示

The shock-free inflow criterion applied in the development of two-dimensional for turbomachinery design. The developed analysis with potential flow calculation through a panel method has been used to determine the shock-free inflow condition. The combination between analysis and PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm provides an opportunity to develop a diagram of a two-dimensional parameter at various airfoil shapes. Analytical equations have been derived from the diagram that will facilitate the turbomachinery designer in applying the shock-free inflow criterion on their developed . This method has been used to develop the very low head axial hydraulic turbine and provides excellent results of numerical and actual prototype performances.

抄録全体を表示