Sulfonamide-focused compound libraries have been synthesized in our laboratories for biological evaluation using antitumor phenotypic screens such as cancer cell proliferation assay, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, and rat aorta tube formation assay. Among thousands of sulfonamide compounds evaluated, E7010 (a microtubule depolymerizing agent), E7070 (a G1 phase cell cycle inhibitor), and E7820 (an antiangiogenesis agent) have progressed to clinical trials, thereby demonstrating some objective responses in cancer patients so far. The sequential discovery of these drug candidates allowed us to carry out a research approach of forward chemical genetics, in which phenotypically bioactive compounds are selected from a large collection of small molecules and then utilized for understanding the functions of their protein partners and relevant biological pathways via target identification. This paper describes our attempt using oligonucleotide microarray and quantitative proteomic analyses not only for identifying drug targets and downstream pathways applicable to biomarkers but also for druggable chemical in medicinal chemistry research.

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We propose to handle the complexity of utility spaces used in multi-issue negotiation by adopting a new representation that allows a modular decomposition of the issues and the constraints. This is based on the idea that a constraint-based utility space is nonlinear with respect to issues, but linear with respect to the constraints. This allows us to rigorously map the utility space into an issue-constraint hyper-graph.

the utility reduces then to a message passing mechanism along the hyper-edges of the hyper-graph by means of utility propagation. Optimal contracts are found efficiently using a variation of the Max-Sum algorithm. We evaluate the model experimentally using parameterized nonlinear utility spaces, showing that it can handle a large family of complex utility spaces by finding optimal contracts, outperforming previous sampling-based approaches. We also evaluate the model in a negotiation setting. We show that under high complexity, social welfare could be greater than the sum of the individual agents’ best utilities.

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While customizing the memory system design or picking the most fitting design for applications is very critical, many software vendors refrain from releasing their software for several reasons. First, many applications are proprietary, hence releasing them to hardware architects or vendors is not desired. Second, applications such as defense and nuclear simulations are very sensitive, hence accessing them is very restricted. Nonetheless, customizing the hardware for such applications is still important and highly desired. Workload cloning is the technique of generating synthetic clones from the original workload. The clones mimic the memory access behavior of the original workloads, hence enable

the design with high level of accuracy. In this article, we survey the state-of-art cloning techniques of the memory access behavior and their uses.

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In this study, we focus on supersonic impulse turbine designed for rocket engine and investigate feature of high efficiency turbine using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) by a design which in the present study is the distance between the Nozzle and the Rotor (Nozzle-Rotor Gap). Four grids with increasing mesh densities were used for estimating the Grid Convergence Index (GCI) in order to quantify the uncertainty of the numerical results. We calculated five conditions of Nozzle-Rotor Gap which are set to 50%, 75%, 125%, 150% of the reference Nozzle-Rotor Gap. The trend of the influence of the Nozzle-Rotor Gap on T-T efficiency was obtained although the GCI uncertainty analysis showed that the trend falls within the uncertainty range. Hence an addition of another level of grid refinement is preferred in order to ascertain the presence of the trend.

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A novel representation for nonlinear utility spaces is provided, by adopting a modular decomposition of the issues and the constraints. The idea is that constraint-based utility spaces are nonlinear with respect to issues, but linear with respect to the constraints. The result is a mapping from a utility space into an issue-constraint hypergraph. the utility is therefore reduced to a message passing mechanism along the hyperedges by means of utility propagation. The optimal contracts are efficiently found using a variation of the Max-Sum algorithm. Particularly, we use a power-law heuristic that lowers the search cost when exploring the utility hypergraph. We experimentally evaluate the model using parameterized random nonlinear utility spaces, showing that it can handle a large family of complex utility spaces using several exploration strategies. The complexity of the generated utility spaces is evaluated using the information theoretic notion of entropy. The optimal search strategy allows a better scaling of the model for complex utility spaces.

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A concurrent system consists of multiple processes that are run simultaneously. The execution orders of these processes are defined by a scheduler. In model checking techniques, the scheduling policy is closely related to the search algorithm that explores all of the system states. To ensure the correctness of the system, the scheduling policy needs to be taken into account during the verification. Current approaches, which use fixed strategies, are only capable of limited kinds of policies and are difficult to extend to handle the variations of the schedulers. To address these problems, we propose a method using a domain-specific language (DSL) for the succinct specification of different scheduling policies. Necessary artifacts are automatically generated from the specification to analyze the behaviors of the system. We also propose a search algorithm for

the state . Based on this method, we develop a tool to verify the system with the scheduler. Our experiments show that we could serve the variations of the schedulers easily and verify the systems accurately.

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The International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957, a broad-based and all-encompassing effort to push the frontiers of geophysics, resulted in a tremendous increase of knowledge in space physics, Sun-Earth Connection, planetary science and the heliosphere in general. Now, 50 years later, we have the unique opportunity advance our knowledge of the global heliosphere and its interaction with planetary bodies and the interstellar medium through the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) in 2007. This was an international effort to coordinate scientific research, and the deployment of scientific instrument arrays, preserve the history of the IGY, and to raise the public awareness of space physics.

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This study was designed to investigate phonophobia to household noises for the purpose of comfortable sound for migraine patients. The study involved 16 patients with migraine and 24 healthy volunteers. Each subject was exposed to stimulus sounds and was asked to make sensitive evaluation of comfort/discomfort. Twenty kinds of stimulus sounds in 4 categories (animal voices, natural sounds, emotional sounds, and excessive noises/sirens) under 2 settings (high and low sound pressure levels with a gradient of 10 dBA) (40 kinds in total) were tested. As a result, the migraine group reacted more sensitively to changes in the stimulus sound than the healthy control group, and this inter-group difference was more marked under the high sound pressure setting. Household noises found to be unacceptable for migraine patients were “animal voices” and “excessive noises/sirens,” and those acceptable for migraine patients were “natural sounds” and “emotional sounds.” The latter two types of sound (“natural sounds” and “emotional sounds”) were shown to have the potential of alleviating migraine when they are at low sound pressure level.

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The subject of this paper is to improve on parameterization for conceptual design method of three stage hybrid rocket. Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is employed to solve multi-disciplinary design exploration of a three-stage launch vehicle concept using a hybrid rocket engine. MOGA which is used as the optimization methods for multi-objective problems utilizes real-number cording and the Pareto ranking method. According to our previous study, the propulsive performance of MOGA's solution was as low as the lower limit of design space. The design space of a conceptual three-stage launch vehicle hybrid rocket engine was reconsidered based on the results of multi-disciplinary design optimization. The design variables of the nozzles were reconsidered by the design . Specifically, the nozzle expansion ratio was considered as the ratio of the nozzle exit radius to the body radius. In this way, there are no solutions which violate the design constraints about the geometric condition of the nozzle exit. Consequently, the new conceptual design method can effectively explore solutions which have higher propulsive performance than previous method. As the result, the combustion chamber pressure is increased in the first stage. In the second stage, the solutions which are explored, modified parameterization are shown larger thrust level than previously.

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Augmenting the global ranking based on the linkage structure of the Web is one of the popular approaches in data engineering community today for enhancing the search and ranking quality of Web information systems. This is typically done through automated learning of user interests and re-ranking of search results through semantic based personalization. In this paper, we propose a query context window (QCW) based framework for Selective uTilization of search history in personalized leArning and re-Ranking (STAR). We conduct extensive experiments to compare our STAR approach with the popular directory-based search methods (e.g., Google Directory search) and the general model of most existing re-ranking schemes of personalized search. Our experimental results show that the proposed STAR framework can effectively capture user-specific query-dependent personalization and improve the accuracy of personalized search over existing approaches.

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Multitude parameters in the design process of a reconfigurable instruction-set processor (RISP) may lead to a large design space and remarkable complexity. Quantitative design approach uses the data collected from applications to satisfy design constraints and optimize the design goals while considering the applications' characteristics; however it highly depends on designer observations and analyses. design can be considered as an effective technique to find a proper balance among various design parameters. Indeed, this approach would be computationally expensive when the performance evaluation of the design points is accomplished based on the synthesis-and-simulation technique. A combined analytical and simulation-based model (CAnSO) is proposed and validated for performance evaluation of a typical RISP. The proposed model consists of an analytical core that incorporates statistics collected from cycle-accurate simulation to make a reasonable evaluation and provide a valuable insight. CAnSO has clear speed advantages and therefore it can be used for easing a cumbersome design space exploration of a reconfigurable RISP processor and quick performance evaluation of slightly modified architectures.

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This study proposes a surveillance approach that will enhance safety in commercial districts. The authors identified physical factors that increase the likelihood of burglaries, and analyzed a commercial zone in relation to these factors to create a crime-free urban area. The study was conducted in Yeoksam-dong, a neighborhood of Gangnam-gu (the Gangnam District) in Seoul, Korea′s capital. Yeoksam-dong has a large floating population. The authors found that: (1) In commercial districts, burglaries on footpaths accounted for most crimes, and illegal activities occurred in certain spaces. (2) In high crime-risk areas, views of the street from the first floor were relatively wider than those from the second floor. Night lighting was adequate, according to South Korean standards, but very uneven. (3) The surveillance environment used depended on road width (12 m was the baseline), since roads affect building size, and the installation criteria for streetlights were applied inconsistently. (4) The factors that affected burglaries in commercial zones were the street gradients (SG), the number of streetlights (STL), the viewing areas from the first floor (1F VA), and minimum levels of illumination (Min I). SG, STL, and Min I indicated a positive relationship with burglaries, while 1F VA showed a negative correlation.

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Forming effective coalitions is a major research challenge in AI and multi-agent systems. Coalition Structure Generation (CSG) involves partitioning a set of agents into coalitions so that social surplus (the sum of the rewards of all coalitions) is maximized. A partition is called a coalition structure (CS). In traditional works, the value of a coalition is given by a black box function called a characteristic function. In this paper, we propose a novel formalization of CSG, i.e., we assume that the value of a characteristic function is given by an optimal solution of a distributed constraint optimization problem (DCOP) among the agents of a coalition. A DCOP is a popular approach for modeling cooperative agents, since it is quite general and can formalize various application problems in MAS. At first glance, this approach sounds like a very bad idea considering the computational costs, since we need to solve an NP-hard problem just to obtain the value of a single coalition. To optimally solve a CSG, we might need to solve O(2ⁿ) DCOP problem instances, where n is the number of agents. However, quite surprisingly, we show that an approximation algorithm, whose computational cost is about the same as solving just one DCOP, can find a CS whose social surplus is at least max(2/n, 1/(w^*+1)) of the optimal CS, where w^* is the tree width of a constraint graph. Furthermore, we can generalize this approximation algorithm with a parameter k, i.e., the generalized algorithm can find a CS whose social surplus is at least max(2k/n, k/(w^*+1)) of the optimal CS by more search . These results illustrate that the locality of interactions among agents, which is explicitly modeled in the DCOP formalization, is quite useful in developing efficient CSG algorithms with quality guarantees.

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The enzyme orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase) is involved in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis; it is a good target for antimicrobial agents. Also, some of the cancerous cells are known to depend on de novo pathway, this enzyme could be a potential drug target for cancer therapy. Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase is an important enzyme, which converts orotate to orotate monophosphate in the fifth step of pyrimidine biosynthesis. As the enzyme is from a hyperthermophile it is known to be stable at high temperatures and can be used as a model organism. Based on the importance of the enzyme, OPRTase from the extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8 has been cloned, purified by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Very tiny crystals appeared in the condition 0.2 M calcium acetate hydrate, 0.1 M sodium cacodylate trihydrate pH 6.5 and 18% w/v polyethylene glycol 8,000.

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After Hanshin-Awaji huge earthquake disaster in 1994, it has been important for urban disaster prevention to build a comprehensive evacuation program of a large earthquake occurrence. In this program, it is substantial to observe human behavior for the evacuation time. Thus, we should introduce a new methodology based on behavior-oriented agent system, that is, a multi-agent model. In this study, first of all, the production rules of the attributive groups were constructed on basis of the questionnaire survey for the inhabitants. Next, using the set of production rules, we developed a multi-agent system model for evacuation. An agent in this study is a person that can perceive its environment through sensors and decide the activity through effectors. We simulate multi-agent system in a district in Kushiro City of Hokkaido, Japan. Finally, we concluded to build the reproduction of the human traffic behaviors and their interactions during earthquake impact and to be simulated multi-agent model including seven agent groups obtained the results of questionnaire survey.

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An information base system to support construction and exploration of an information space in metallurgy, especially in the domain of superalloys, was implemented. Information about materials development is, in most cases, obtained empirically. Use of natural language is, therefore, important to transmit such information. The developed system interprets technical papers on metallurgy and constructs information space semi-automatically. It consists of three sub-systems. The first retrieves information from incomplete keys by using thesaurus. Successful results were obtained by picking up all the idiomatic expressions appeared in the articles on the subject. The second sub-system, called METIS(MET allugy papers Intelligent Surveyors) adopts a naive natural language process. The heart of METIS is a packet of domain specific knowledge called KP (Knowledge Pieces) in which procedures for extracting and structuring technological information are embedded. METIS extracts technological information from technical papers on metallurgy written in a mark-up language. Products of METIS is a variety of summaries and surveys such as structured technical summary, as well as visualization of similarities, differences of relevant papers, and cause-effect relations. The third sub-system is called KE (Knowledge Editor) adopts both syntactic and semantic analysis technologies. In the system, domain knowledge is represented using an instance-oriented and script-based method. KE represents knowledge on metallurgy by a set of objects together with a set of relations between them. KE provides two interactive facilities for into information ; one is the natural language query based on semantic understanding and the other is the navigation of the relations between objects.

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This paper attempts to clarify the critical factors that determine the phase transition dynamics occurring in social contagion by an agent-based inverse simulation equipped with genetic algorithm. Previous studies have already shown that structural features such as network structure or social norm, affect significantly the macroscopic dynamics of complex social phenomena. We still need, however, a quantitative analysis of the decisive factors which could yield some particular phase transition in a society, e.g. the emergence of an epidemic. Thus we explore, by utilizing genetic algorithm, the vast parameter space of an agent-based model that represents social contagion, so that we might identify the specific values of parameters resulting in phase transitions. With the results, we will seek to describe their implications for preventing the contagion.

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Objective: To report a successful conservative management in a case of spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma (SRSH) after Endovascular Aneurysmal Repair (EVAR) of infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA).
Case Presentation: An 84-year-old woman with a 6 cm in diameter infrarenal AAA underwent EVAR at our hospital. During the procedure, intravenous heparin was administered to keep the activated clotting time around 300 seconds. One hour after the procedure, the patient complained of pain on her right side abdomen. Physical examination revealed a tender mass in the right lower abdominal wall. Laboratory studies showed a fall in hemoglobin from 12.7 g/dl to 9.3 g/dl. Ultrasound (US) examination demonstrated an 8 × 5 cm hematoma within the right rectus muscle. Follow-up US examination revealed that the hematoma had enlarged and a computed tomography (CT) examination of the lower abdomen was performed. CT scan showed a smooth-shaped mass within the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall leading to enlargement of the right rectus abdominis muscle without signs of active bleeding. A conservative management was considered.
Result: The clinical course was uneventful with a stable hemodynamic state. The patient was discharged 12 days later and was doing well at the 2 week follow-up.
Conclusion: Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma is an unusual complication of a patient on anticoagulant therapy during EVAR. A prompt radiological investigation may prevent unnecessary surgical procedures in this unusual complication.

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In solving optimization problems, the most important thing is how effectively explore the solution space without being trapped by local minima. We have been developing optimization techniques which are based on Lagrangian method. In these methods, each constraint has weight, and all weights are updated in each step. This cause the ability of escaping from local minima. However we also found that updating the weights has undesirable side effect. In this paper we proposed a new method in which update of weights is done only in restricted steps. We apply this method to Software-MCU assignment problems and the experimental results show that we can improve the efficiency of the Lagrangian method further.

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