Abstract : This article reports 3 cases of molar tooth with a vertical incomplete fracture. The cases were a vital mandibular left first molar without dental treatment history, a non-vital maxillary left second molar without dental treatment history, and a non-vital mandibular left second molar with

Ⅰ inlay. For each case, the fractured tooth was prepared and covered with a temporary resin crown immediately after the fracture was detected. All teeth were restored with a gold crown after the endodontic treatment for the two non-vital cases. Careful observation is necessary for these cases because of the poor prognosis of incomplete fractured teeth.

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in effects caused by variation in the intervention frequency of outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, in terms of the pulmonary function, lower-limb muscle strength, exercise tolerance, and quality of life (QOL). [Subjects and Methods] A total of 36 patients with mild to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied. These patients were all men over the age of 40 who did not require assistance for activities of daily living (ADL). Groups undergoing intervention once a month (M1 group) and once a week (W1 group) were compared in terms of the effects of outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation for a period of 12 weeks. Intervention during this time included supervised and home-based exercise. [Results] Comparison of before and after intervention revealed that the rate of change in the W1 group was significantly higher than that in the M1 group in terms of the QOL, lower-extremity muscle strength, and 6-minute walking distance. [Conclusion] Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs yielded greater improvements in the W1 group than in the M1 group in terms of the QOL and exercise tolerance.

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Wireless technology has become widely popular and an important means of communication. A key issue in delivering wireless services is the problem of congestion which has an adverse impact on the Quality of Service (QoS), especially timeliness. Although a lot of work has been done in the context of RRM (Radio Resource Management), the deliverance of quality service to the end user still remains a challenge. Therefore there is need for a system that provides real-time services to the users through high assurance. We propose an intelligent agent-based approach to guarantee a predefined Service Level Agreement (SLA) with heterogeneous user requirements for appropriate bandwidth allocation in QoS sensitive cellular networks. The proposed system architecture exploits Case Based Reasoning (CBR) technique to handle RRM process of congestion management. The system accomplishes predefined SLA through the use of Retrieval and Adaptation Algorithm based on CBR case library. The proposed intelligent agent architecture gives autonomy to Radio Network Controller (RNC) or Base Station (BS) in accepting, rejecting or buffering a connection request to manage system bandwidth. Instead of simply blocking the connection request as congestion hits the system, different buffering durations are allocated to diverse classes of users based on their SLA. This increases the opportunity of connection establishment and reduces the call blocking rate extensively in changing environment. We carry out simulation of the proposed system that verifies efficient performance for congestion handling. The results also show built-in dynamism of our system to cater for variety of SLA requirements.

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