In order to precisely measure the displacement field after the 2004 Niigataken-Chuetsu earthquake, central Japan, we performed a persistent scatterer (PS) interferometry analysis on SAR images acquired by the European satellite ENVISAT. After performing a PS interferometry analysis, we first corrected for artifacts due to orbit inaccuracies and atmospheric phase delay using GPS displacements. This post-processing revealed that the dominant component of the displacements is a seasonal pattern caused by water extraction during winter. Precise estimation of the tectonic component of the displacements, which enables discussion of the order of 1 cm displacements and 1 cm/year velocity, was further obtained by separating out the seasonal component using a principal component analysis. A part of observed signals was consistent with deformations due to afterslips and poroelastic relaxation of the 2004 earthquake. Another part of the signals was consistent with a relative motion of two blocks whose boundary coincides with the Western Nagaoka Plain faults.

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Regarding unprotonated retinal Schiff-base as donor D and the phenol group of tyrosine as acceptor A, the charge-transfer model proposed by Akhtar et al. for visual pigments is examined according to our previous formulations and parametrization for π-electron systems. The ball-socket linkage model by and Buckser, which can be regarded as a kind of charge-transfer model, is also examined in the same way, regarding the charge distribution on the amino group as a positive point-charge. It is thus shown that these two models cannot explain the remarkable red-shift of λ_max observed for the retinal in visual pigments.

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In this paper, the term "hard erosion" refers to erosion which is faster than ordinary erosion by a factor of two or more. Here, we carefully observe cavitation aspects of several types and the corresponding eroded surfaces in typically accelerating vibratory erosion tests on a typical erosion-resistant material of 304 stainless steel by means of high-speed and SEM photography, under a specified condition of uniform cavitation nuclei size distributions. Hard erosion clearly results from very high shock pressures accompanied not by microjet bubbles or bubble clusters, but by collapsing massive bubbles. The massive bubbles very rapidly develop within the low-pressure region where the vortex is predominant around the test specimen, and then collapse, resulting in marked shock waves by which almost all of the tiny bubbles are destroyed.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the Richardson Methods, especially regarding to its practical issues by reconsidering the criticism from the then His Majesty's Inspector George Herbert . The Richardson Methods were developed by Marion Richardson (1892-1946), who pioneered learner centered art education based on the pupils' innerimagery. wrote to Richardson after the observation of her class, and his criticism in the letter has been a basis of the view that the methods were strongly tied up with Richardson,s personal character so that it is not understandable or transferable to others. I tried to reexamine this view by referring to Richardson's syllabus, lecture notes, her pupils, works etc. The topics including the relation between teacher's leadership and learner centered education, the two principles of Richardson's reaching, the problem of the "resemblance" of works in the class, Richardson's view on the Cizek School's exhibition, and the political purpose and bias of the Inspector's letter were discussed in the paper. In conclusion, it was pointed out that the Inspector's criticism to the leaners' spontaneous expression, to the continuation of it after adolescence, and to the transference of the methods to the others were not necessarily based on a full understanding of her teaching. And we can have a possibility to open up a way to the further development of the methods in our education.

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Some recreational runners participate in consecutive races within a short period. A high frequency of participation may not allow for sufficient recovery time, leading to overreaching. This case study reports on the training load, physiological variables, performance, and psychological state of a male recreational runner during a 16-week marathon season. The runner completed four marathon races over a period of eight weeks. Training load was quantified based on the cumulative time spent in three intensity zones (zone 1:<the ventilatory threshold; zone 2: between the ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point; zone 3:>the respiratory compensation point) using heart rate monitoring. The

questionnaire was completed every morning to quantify sleep, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness. The runner performed four identical treadmill running tests throughout the season. The coefficient of variation for maximal velocity and the physiological variables was 1.0% and 1.8%‐5.2%, respectively. Pearson correlation showed significant relationships between training load and stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness. There was no significant relationship between training load and sleep. In conclusion, it appeared that the subject runner was able to complete four marathon races without overreaching. These findings suggest that the training load and questionnaire are practical tools for monitoring recreational runners during the marathon season.

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40Gb/s光伝送用受信器に向けた, 高利得プリアンプICを開発した。受信器初段のプリアンプICには, 微小信号を広い周波数帯域にわたって高利得で増幅することが要求される。40GHz以上の広帯域を実現するために, 入力容量の影響を低減するベース接地入力段を導入し, さらに, 高利得化のために, Cherry-型アンプをポストアンプとして配置した。0.2μm自己整合SiGe HBTを用いた試作の結果, 利得=791Ω, 帯域=40.8GHzの良好な特性を得た。

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源頭部流域での観測結果を他流域に拡張することを目的に,複数の風化花崗岩森林流域の渓流水質を相互に比較し,その水質形成機構をMixing modelを用いて考察した.観測は滋賀県南部に位置する桐生水文試験地において,試験地全体(以下桐生と呼ぶ.面積5.99ha)および4つの内部支流域(赤壁,0.086ha;ヒノキ沢,0.40ha;マツ沢,0.68ha;リョウブ沢,1.75ha)に観測網を設けて行った.マツ沢流域をReference site,他流域をTest siteとし,まずマツ沢流域の渓流水質を主成分分析(PCA)を合わせたEnd-Members Mixing Analysis(EMMA; Christophersen and , 1992)で解した.その後,(2003)の手法に従い,他流域の渓流水質がマツ沢流域で得られた知見から説明可能かを検証した.1996年6月以降に採水されたマツ沢渓流水のNa+,Mg2+,Cl-,NO3-,SO42-,SiO2の6種類の水質データセットに対してPCAを適用した.第2,3主成分までの累積寄与率はそれぞれ81.3,88.2%となった.この場合,観測機会の約80%の渓流水質が3つのEnd-Memberの混合で説明され,4つのEnd- Memberを考慮すると約90%が説明されることを意味する.またPCAにおいてよく用いられる,固有値が1以上となる主成分のみを考慮するという"rule of 1"(例えば,2003)に従えば,本研究では第2主成分までを考慮すればよいことになる.降水およびマツ沢流域各地点の地下水の平均濃度を渓流水の第1,2主成分から得られた空間(U空間)に投影し,渓流水とともにミキシングダイヤグラムに示したEnd-Memberとして3成分を考慮すると,渓流水は湧水点直上に存在する恒常的飽和帯の最深部の地下水(G2-400),林外雨(Rainfall),および降雨時に土層の薄い斜面部で発生する飽和側方流(G10)を結ぶ三角形内部にほぼプロットされる.また,第4のEnd-Memberとして簡易貫入試験で基岩面以下と判断された(勝山ら,2004)基岩地下水(GC)を含めた四角形には全ての点が含まれる.ただし,G2-400とGCは比較的近い位置にプロットされ,他のEnd-Memberに比べて組成が似ている.End-Member以外の地下水も同じ多角形内にプロットされる.渓流水は流量が小さい範囲ではG2-400およびGCの地下水付近にプロットされ,流量増加に伴って林外雨,G10の飽和側方流の影響が大きくなる傾向が見られる.これは降雨に伴って流域内部の飽和域が拡大し,その影響が渓流水質に現れたことを意味する.次に各流域の渓流水をマツ沢流域のU空間に投影した.全ての流域の渓流水がマツ沢流域のEnd-Memberを結んだ多角形内にプロットされることから,各流域の渓流水質形成はマツ沢流域と同様に混合過程で説明される.ただし,流域ごとにダイヤグラム上でプロットされる位置が異なり,リョウブ沢,赤壁,桐生,ヒノキ沢流域の順で恒常的飽和帯(G2-400)の地下水の影響が小さくなる.ヒノキ沢流域は他流域に比べて年間流量が少なく,また無降雨期間が継続すると流量が観測されなくなることから,渓流水には直前に降った降水やそれに伴って発生する飽和側方流の影響が大きく現れていると考えられる.また桐生流域は各支流域の合流が影響するため,ダイヤグラム上で中間に位置する.本研究で対象とした流域では,各流域の渓流水質が同じMixing Modelで説明され,流域内での水質の時間変動や流域間の水質の違いは,流出に主として寄与する成分が異なるために生じた.またこれらの変動は流量の時間変動や流域間差との関わりが見られた.

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InSAR time-series analyses use multiple SAR images acquired on different dates to map time evolution of small and quasi-steady ground displacements. StaMPS (Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers) is a software package for an InSAR persistent scatterer (PS) analysis, which is one category of the InSAR time-series analyses. The package is freely available for non-commercial applications. This report explains the main features of StaMPS and its basic algorithm. The algorithm of StaMPS has been developed to work even in terrains devoid of man-made structures and/or undergoing non-steady deformation. StaMPS uses the spatial correlation of the phases in selecting PS pixels, which enables identification of more PS pixels than conventional algorithms can identify. This further permits successful phase unwrapping without calling for any phase history model, which is required by other algorithms.

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A variational method is developed to analytically study the interaction between a circular raft of finite flexibility and a cross-anisotropic elastic soil deposit of infinite extent. The raft rests smoothly on the soil surface and undergoes flexural deformations under the action of uniformly or parabolically distributed axisymmetric external loads and the ensuing soil reactions. Soil anisotropy is treated rigorously and particular emphasis is accorded to the sensitivity of total and differential undrained raft settlements on assumed realistic values of the anisotropic soil parameters.

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Fermentations of Streptomyces sp. E/784 produce low levels of the novel C-30 alkylthio-substituted ansamycin antibiotics naphthomycins J (9) and I (10), in addition to the more abundant C-30 hydroxylated analogues actamycin (1) and naphthomycin D (2) and C-30 chlorinated analogues naphthomycins H (3) and A (4). The addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine to the fermentation medium substantially increases the production of the thionaphthomycins J and I at the expense of their chloro analogues H and A. Other thiols and thiol progenitors are similarly utilised, including N-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester which affords the known naphthomycin F (8) and its novel 2-demethyl homologue (7). The formation of thioansamycins from chloroansamycins and thiols in vivo is probably non-enzymic since similar conversions can be effected in vitro.

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From the results of taxonomic studies, Streptomyces sp. strain No. KT-151 isolated from a soil sample collected in Kumamoto City, was identified as a strain belonging to Streptomyces luteogriseus Schmitz, Deak, Crook and 1964.
A new antibiotic, produced by this strain, was isolated as a leaflet crystal by ion-exchange chromatography and found to be an amino acid with the molecular formula, C₅H₁₂N₂O₂, and named antibiotic KT-151 (refered to as KT-151 hereinafter). The antibiotic showed antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a chemically defined medium but it was antagonized by several amino acids such as valine, leucine, isoleucine and threonine.

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