Surabaya City and the 6 surrounding regencies have developed into big Metropolitan Area, with total population is 9.1 million people and turned into regional and national economic activity center. As the second biggest metropolitan area of national scale, Surabaya Metropolitan Area has to challenge the very complicated problem of high degree of traffic density

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Nous présentons une étude sur le mode d'acquisition et les propriétés de l'aimantation rémanente chimique (ARC) de champ faible (0, 1 à 0, 5mT) acquise, soit au cours de la réduction de l'hématite en magnétite par chauffe sous vide, soit au cours de la réaction inverse obtenue par chauffe à l'air de la magnétite. Précisons qu'était exclu de notre propos l'examen de la direction de l'ARC, notamment en cas d'acquisition en présence d'une rémanence préexistante. Les échantillons étaient constitués de poudres synthétiques à grains fins (<1μm) dispersées dans du kaolin. Le contrôle du taux d'oxydation ou de réduction a été effectué en suivant, au cours même du déroulement de différents paliers prolongés de température de plus en plus élevée, ou après chaque refroidissement consécutif, les variations des grandeurs magnétiques suivantes: acquisition de l'aimantation induite et rémanente, susceptibilité initiale et sa variation thermique, cycles d'hystérésis en champ fort, aimantations spécifiques à saturation et champs coercitifs. Un bon rendement de la réduction de l'hématite a pu être atteint en présence de poudre d'aluminium à 450°C. L'oxydation de la magnétite a été obtenue à 600°C grâce à l'adjonction de perchlorate de potassium. Nos résultats concernant l'intensité de l'ARC sont les suivants, ramenés à un champ de 0, 1mT: ARC (hématite, 600°C)=2, 9×10^-3Am²/kg; ARC (magnétite, 450°C)=110×10^-3Am²/kg. Pour une quantité identique de substance, l'ARV acquise par l'hématite sur une durée de l'ordre de grandeur de celles de nos expériences reste inférieure au tiers de l'ARC. Pour la magnétite ce rapport est de l'ordre de 0, 1 à 0, 2. L'ARC acquise par l'ensemble des grains de magnétite néoformée était dans nos expériences environ 25 fois plus faible que l'ATR totale qu'ils sont susceptibles d'acquérir. Ce rapport s'établissait à 1/3 dans le cas de l'hématite. L'ARC acquise par celle-ci s'est révélée un peu moins intense, et un peu moms résistante à l'attaque thermique, qu'une ATR partielle acquise par refroidissement eotre 652 et 600°C.
We present a study of the mode of acquisition and properties of the chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) in low fields (0, 1 to 0, 5mT) acquired, either during the reduction of hematite into magnetite by heating in vacuum, or during the inverse reaction obtained by heating magnetite in air. Let us specify that our work is not concerned by the direction of the CRM, namely when it is acquired in presence of a preexisting remanence. The samples were made of fine grained (<1μm) synthetic magnetic powder dispersed in kaolin. The control of the rate of oxidation or reduction has been made by following, during different prolonged temperature levels or after each consecutive cooling, the variations with time of the main magnetic parameters: acquisition of induced and remanent magnetizations, initial susceptibility and its thermal change, high fields hysteresis loops, specific saturation magnetizations and coercive fields. A good efficiency of the reduction of hematite was attained at 450°C in the presence of aluminium powder.

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Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) causes chronic hypoxia in several organs, especially kidneys. The association between CCHD and nephropathy has been known although the mechanism is not yet completely understood. This study was aimed to investigate the association between CCHD and the incidence of nephropathy in children.

This case-control study was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Installation of the Integrated Heart Service Center (IHSC) and Children's Inpatient Room, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January to May 2021. The inclusion criteria included children with CCHD and normal children aged 1-18 years who visited IHSC and Pediatric Clinic. Informed consent was signed by the parents. Demographic data, proteinuria, and hematuria were analyzed to find the association with the incidence of CCHD in children.

Eighty-five participants participated in the study, of which seven were excluded, leaving 78 eligible participants. Forty-four CCHD patients and 34 control patients had a difference in oxygen saturation (67.70 ± 11.21 to 94.94 ± 0.98%). Sixty-four percent of the participants were diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), while 29.5% were diagnosed with double outlet right ventricle (DORV). There was a significant association between CCHD with proteinuria and hematuria (p = 0.001, r = 0.481; p = 0.001, r = 0.375). Significant associations was also found in proteinuria and hematuria with CCHD with a diagnosis of DORV and TOF (p = 0.014, p = 0.002).

As a conclusion, a significant association was found between CCHD with the incidence of proteinuria and hematuria. Nephropathy screening is needed in patients suffering from CCHD to detect renal damage.

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This study aims to analyse Indonesian housing policies and practices at the local level, focusing on the Metropolitan Area of West

, Indonesia. Secondary data was obtained from current Indonesian basic regulations in Housing Affairs and Regional Administration Laws, while primary data was collected from interviews with bureaucratic actors from central, provincial, and city/regency governments. Data is processed through qualitative content analysis. The discussion of housing provision for low-income communities refers to self-help and public housing modes. The result shows that the local government's role in self-help housing provision is mostly in supporting quality improvement, which is less effective since the quality was not well-maintained. Local government also has limited authority in public housing provision, raising policy debates and polemics on its field implementation. This study recommends a housing delivery system instead of divisions in authorities. The governments can develop various public-private partnership schemes to support public housing provision. In addition, a clear vertical housing career path is essential to encourage low-income people's acceptance of urban vertical living.

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国内産(Satoimo)，外国産(インドネシアの，Celebes，中国のUhan)の4種のサトイモ澱粉の特性について調べた．また，澱粉には熱処理と酸処理を行い，澱粉の熱特性に及ぼす影響についても検討した．澱粉の粒径分布範囲は3-17 μmとなり最多粒は9-13 μmで50%の分布率であった．またSEM観察の結果，，Celebes，UhanおよびSatoimo澱粉の粒径は，それぞれ，3.0-13.0，1.0-4.8，1.5-5.8および0.5-3.4 μmであった．澱粉の形状はほぼ球形であったが，一部凹凸のある表面も観察され，他の澱粉試料よりも大きかった．また，青価によるアミロース含量は20.5%であり，アミロースとアミロペクチンの重合度はそれぞれ，880と2920，また，その平均鎖長はそれぞれ17と19，X線結晶図形はA型であった．澱粉の糊化温度は，Satoimo澱粉は他の澱粉よりも高温かつ低熱量で，CelebesおよびUhan澱粉は粉より低温で糊化する傾向を示した．一方，50℃で熱処理を行った澱粉の糊化熱量は全ての澱粉試料の中で最も高い値を示した．しかしながら，酸処理を行った澱粉のDSCとSEMによる物性結果は，未処理の澱粉の場合とほぼ同様であり，両者に顕著な差はみられなかった．

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In the previous paper, the authors carried out identification of C₃ and C₄ species of the grass family in Japan, then investigated the geographical distribution of them with special reference to climatic conditions. In the present paper, by means of the same method, we tried to investigate the geographical distribution of C₃ and C₄ species of the grass family occurred in Korea and Taiwan which are located at near Japan, Hainan and which are located at the subtropics or tropics of South East Asia. As to the distribution of C₃ and C₄ species along altitudinal gradient in , special analysis was carried out. Obtained results are as follows : 1) The districts concerened with the present study exclusively belong to the South East monsoon regions, especially Taiwan, Hainan and belong to the wet-subtropics or tropics. These districts are comparatively poor in no. of species belonging to subfamily Eragrostoideae, in contrast, abundant in that of Panicoideae. It is noted that the proportion of species of tribe Andropogoneae in subamily Panicoideae are comparatively abundant, and also it should be noted that no. of C₃ species of Panicoideae are rather abundant. 2) In general, increases in percent C₄ with latitudinal descension occurred. The latitude of is lower than that of Hainan. However, in spite of lower latitude, Percent C₄ of (66%) is lower than that of Hainan (81%). In , there are many high mountains (3000-4000 m), but Hainan is not so high, its only 1800 m at the highest. This fact drops percent C₄ of under that of Hainan. The same situation is applied to the case of comparison between Taiwan (60%, 22-25°N) and Ishigaki (70%, 24°N). 3) In , percent C₄ decreases markedly with ascension of altitude. This fact is caused by the increase of no. of species belonging to Festucoideae. It is considered that climatic temperature falls down with ascension of altitude, and the no. of species belonging to Festucoideae which agree with cool climatic conditions increase rapidly at higher latitude. In spite of their latitudinal sites. and Taiwan have so many species belonging to Festucoideae. This fact supports the above mentioned deduction.

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Capsicum pubescens originated in mid-elevation Bolivia and is still primarily cultivated in South and Central America, although its cultivation was recently confirmed in highlands on the island of , Indonesia. However, its distribution and local cultivation practices elsewhere in Indonesia are unknown. To address this, we conducted field and market surveys of C. pubescens on the islands of , Sumatra, and Sulawesi and confirmed its distribution in the highlands of West Sumatra and South Sulawesi provinces. It seems that C. pubescens was introduced to West Sumatra Province at least 50-80 years ago. Moreover, in the province of Central , we found a new phenotype of C. pubescens characterized by a yellow fruit. The white flower type of C. pubescens was only observed in West and Central . There was no evidence of C. pubescens in North Sumatra and North Sulawesi provinces, despite the highlands being seemingly suitable for its growth. Fields of C. pubescens were numerous and large in West and Central provinces, while it was cultivated in middle- and small-scale farms or in home gardens in East , West Sumatra, and South Sulawesi provinces. Cultivation methods did not differ greatly between large and small farming operations, except in terms of fertilization, fruit harvesting, and pesticide application. We believe that C. pubescens was first introduced to Indonesia in West , which remains the center of its cultivation and diversity.

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Kotlin is a newly proposed programming language that is highly compatible with

. Typically, source code written in Kotlin is compiled into bytecode, which is then interpreted and executed by the Virtual Machines (JVMs). To achieve high performance, the codes (source code or bytecode) must be optimized for the existing virtual machines. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of loop processing in Kotlin and programs considering the existing JVM implementations. First, we perform micro-benchmarking of loop processing, such as for and while statements, using two popular JVM implementations. The results show that the performance depends on the description methods even for the same semantics. The performances can be classified into two groups: fast and slow, in both JVM implementations. Second, we compare the bytecodes generated by the compilers from the description methods of the fast and slow groups. We then show the differences between them, which are small and cannot be justified as the direct cause of a significant performance difference. Third, we compare the native codes generated by a just-in-time (JIT) compiler and show that the bytecode in the fast group is deeply optimized by the JIT compiler, while that in the slow group is not. In fact, small differences in the bytecode lead to differences in the behavior of the JIT compiler and to non-trivial performance gains.

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Agricultural activities have been connected to greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions, with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane being the most GHGs emitted. Despite the fact that broiler production produces less GHG than other animal production farms, the broiler farm does emit GHG, with feed production and broiler excreta handling accounting for the majority of the emissions. It has been confirmed that fermenting and using agricultural byproducts as broiler feed ingredients reduces the use of energy- and protein-rich diets, and so reduces the carbon footprint. Feeding fermented agricultural byproducts to broilers improves feed digestibility and nutrient utilization (especially protein), hence reducing nitrogen excretion as a source of nitrous oxide. This review article provides a brief overview on the role of fermentation in improving the nutritional properties of agricultural byproducts and their use in diets to reduce the carbon footprint of broiler production.

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Indonesia, mainly

, is home to the second largest area of Tectona grandis (teak) plantations globally; however, despite their importance, little is known about the impact of climate change on this tree species. Here, species distribution models were developed using estimated site index values of T. grandis on as the response variable, with seven bioclimatic variables and three soil characteristics as predictor variables. Three statistical approaches—generalized linear, general additive, and random forest models—were examined. Two global climate models with two representative concentration pathways (2.6 and 8.5) and time periods (the 2050s and 2070s) were also used to compare the effect of predicted future changes in the site index. Of the three models, random forest model showed the best fit, with precipitation as the important predictor of T. grandis growth followed by temperature. The model predicted that 12.6% of Island would experience an increase in climatic suitability, with northeast of Banten Province, northeast and northwest of Central Province, and northwest of East Province becoming the most suitable for T. grandis growth in both the 2050s and 2070s. These findings suggest that certain areas should be prioritized for the development of future T. grandis plantations on .

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In this paper, we present a reconfigurable processor infrastructure to accelerate applications, called Jaguar. The Jaguar infrastructure consists of a compiler framework and a runtime environment support. The compiler framework selects a group of methods to be translated into hardware for delivering the best performance under limited resources, and translates the selected methods into Verilog synthesizable code modules. The runtime environment support includes the virtual machine (JVM) running on a host processor to provide execution environment to the generated accelerator through communication interface units while preserving semantics. Our compiler infrastructure is a tightly integrated and solid compiler-aided solution for reconfigurable computing. There is no limitation in generating synthesizable Verilog modules from any application while preserving semantics. In terms of performance, our infrastructure achieves the speedup by 5.4 times on average and by up to 9.4 times in measured benchmarks with respect to JVM-only execution. Furthermore, two optimization schemes such as an instruction folding and a live buffer removal can reduce 24% on average and up to 39% of the resource consumption.

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本論文では，著者が開発する Fluent API生成器Silverchainを紹介する．Silverchainは，Fluent API が提供するメソッドの正しい連鎖順を入力として受け取り，型検査器で連鎖順の正誤を検査できるFluent APIに必要な型定義を出力する．Silverchainが出力するのはFluentAPIの骨組みとなる型定義のみであり，FluentAPIの作成者(Silverchainの利用者)は，各メソッドで実行される処理など，いくらかのコードを追加することでFluent APIを完成させることができる．本論文では特に，Silverchainの入出力に施した工夫と，Silverchainを普及させるために行った取り組みについて紹介する．

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An Internet-accessible image analysis service, Remote Image Analysis Service (RIAS), was designed and implemented in this research. The Image Analysis Core, which internally carries out the actual image processing, utilizes a code library known as Advanced Imaging. Three different inter-process protocols are used for communication between RIAS and client software applications, each serving a different application category. Firstly, applications within a host organization's firewall communicate with the image analysis core using RMI, a relatively fast binary protocol. The second category of applications, namely clients outside of the organization, access RIAS by sending requests and receiving results through EJB Server over RMI/IIOP. These two protocols are only usable by clients. The third category of applications is non- client applications, which access RIAS through SOAP-based Imaging Service using HTTP as the transport mechanism. SOAP, as the backbone of Web Service, is a cross platform and a cross language, and hence can be accessed by any languages supporting SOAP. Imaging Service implemented in RIAS supports MTOM, the newest attachment specification. Client applications of applet and MS C#. Net were also developed, verifying that RIAS has good performance in three accesses. RIAS is potentially able to be used by mobile devices such as cell phone with camera and PDA with camera. This is important because mobile devices usually lack of ability of floating point computing, by using RIAS, agricultural researchers and farmers may carry out image processing in the field.

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REDD+ are expected to prevent the progress of deforestation in tropical region. However, there is a possibility that the counting CO2 sequestration in REDD+ would lead further establishment of monoculture plantations and biodiversity degradation. We aimed to identify the hotspots of the landscape diversity in a suburban-rural landscape in East to for developing the effective safeguards against REDD+. Based on the unsupervised classification of the Landsat8-OLI image, the land-cover types were classified into five categories (forests, agricultural lands, water, buildings and bare land (soil)) on GIS, and the diversity index (H’) of land-cover types were calculated to identify the hotspots. The detected hotspots tended to distribute in the mid area between agricultural land use and forest area, that was suggested to be conserved from extensive monoculture establishment.

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We have constructed computer assisted instruction system which runs on the World Wide Web (WWW) using language. As a result, the contents became more dynamic and interactive than ever before. Also the system was able to manage a number of students data at once on the server side.

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 The aim of this paper is to summarize the studies related to the measurements of mercury pollution in Island. It is shown that the main source of mercury pollution was shifted from large-scale industries into small-scale gold minings. It is also found that research activities on mercury pollution in are not yet distributed properly. The studies were concentrated in West , where Central and East Provinces attract less attention from Indonesian researchers. It is also seen that there are increments of mercury concentrations in some areas, such as Kenjeran Beach in Surabaya, Muara Angke of Jakarta Bay and Cibuluh River in the vicinity of Pongkor mining areas. The data also suggested that even though the government succeeded to decrease the number of gold mining operations in one specific area, the miners did not actually stop their operations but just moved to other locations. As for the effects of the mercury pollution to the local population, there is less research that may explain the recent condition in . It is highly recommended to monitor mercury concentration in the environment as well as to study the health impact of the mercury to the local inhabitants. It is also advised to have an agreement and coordination between all research institutes in conducting the research to enable the accurate interpretation of the data which will lead to the right conclusion.

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Indonesia is the 3^rd largest cocoa-producing country in the world. The cacao varieties currently cultivated in Indonesia are inter-hybrids of various clones introduced from the Americas since the 16th century. Among them, “ cocoa” is a well-known fine cocoa specialty product which was originally selected from crosses between “ Criollo” trees and an unknown parent at Djati Roenggo, in 1912. Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of fine-flavored cacao germplasm from , and compared the results with those of bulk cocoa in the same region. Although a high level of heterozygosity was observed in the fine-flavored cacao clones (H_o=0.660; H_e=0.674), indicating their hybrid origin, the allele richness in the cacao germplasm was moderate (7.6 alleles per locus). Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed that the genetic structure of cocoa is heterogeneous, including genetic background of Trinitario, Upper Amazon and Lower Amazon Forastero. Parentage analysis supported the passport records of parental contribution from Venezuelan landraces to some DR clones (DR 1 and DR 38), which are the main clones used to produce cocoa, but excluded the direct parentage of pure Criollo. Sibship reconstruction indicated that the DR clones did not originate from a single cross as previously considered. The resultant information improved our analysis of the diversity and ancestry of cocoa. It also suggested the need for broadening the genetic background in the cocoa germplasm.

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