This report gives the progress of jet bit drilling and its theoritical foundation for penetration rate, and also shows that the jet bit drilling permits more rapid penetratin rates at R. 48 well and R. 53 well of Yabase oil field drilled by Teikoku Oil Co.

抄録全体を表示

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate sport climbing injuries among users of a climbing gym to identify the characteristics of the injuries and preventive measures. [Participants and Methods] Participants with at least 6 months of sport climbing experience at least once a week were included in the study. They provided basic information with regard to climbing, medical history, and self-care of climbing-related injuries. [Results] Of 113 validated respondents, 85 reported a history of climbing-related injuries. The injury occurrence rate by location was highest in the fingers, followed by the wrist, shoulder and ankle, knee, and elbow. All the ankle injuries had sudden onset. Moreover, the occurrence rates of the injuries with both sudden and gradual onsets tended to be higher in the fingers and wrists. With regard to the self-care status, warming up was performed by 88.5% of the participants; and cooling down, by only 25.7%. [Conclusion] This study found a high incidence of injuries involving the fingers, wrists, and ankles, which suggests the need for prevention by self-care.

抄録全体を表示

クライミングとは，もともと自然の岩を登る行為を指すが，近年では人口壁を用いてスポーツとしての競技性を高めた「スポーツクライミング」が広く普及してきている。クライミングに伴うスポーツ障害として，筋・骨格系の異常については多くの報告があるが，皮膚障害の実態はよく分かっていない。そこで，60 名のクライマー（男性 51 名，女性 9 名）を対象に問診ならびに手足の診察を行った。対象となったクライマーの平均年齢は 33.9 歳，クライミング歴の平均は 40.8 カ月，1 週間あたりの活動時間の平均は 9.1 時間であった。問診の結果，多くのクライマーが手指の表皮剝離を経験していた（93.3％）。皮膚および爪について意識して行っている自己処置については，「こまめな爪切り」が最も多かった（76.7％）。診察の結果，手指の胼胝形成は 90.0％のクライマーにみられ，特に右第 5指 DIP 関節/PIP 関節間が最多であった（68.3％）。足については 83.3％のクライマーで両側第1 趾にアスリート結節がみられ，その長径は 1 週間あたりの活動時間と強い相関があった（r=0.653）。指への負担が大きく，きついシューズを履くという競技特性が皮膚にもたらす影響を明らかにすることができた。本調査結果を皮膚障害の予防，スキンケアの指導に繋げていきたい。

抄録全体を表示

Organic farming is gaining popularity all over the world as it avoids the use of synthetic chemicals. Plant production in organic farming mainly depends on nutrient release as a function of mineralization processes in soils. In the present study, efficient phosphate mineralizing bacteria were isolated and their efficacy tested in plant mineral uptake and soil fertility of an organic field. Amongst 12 P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) isolated from an organic field, two isolates were selected for field inoculation based on their rock phosphate (RP) solubilzing ability, exudation of organic acids, phosphatase and phytase activity and production of indole acetic acid and siderophores. On the basis of biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, these isolates were identified as Pantoea cypripedii (PSB-3) and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (PSB-5). These isolates significantly increased yield and total P uptake in maize. Soil analysis showed that available P, organic carbon and soil enzyme activities were significantly increased. Present study results suggested that inoculation of these bacteria has great application potential in improving the crop yield and soil fertility in organic farming.

抄録全体を表示

Ten species of Aspergillus isolated from soil samples collected from different locations in the Indian Himalayan region have been studied for their growth requirements and tricalcium phosphate solubilization at different temperatures. The Aspergillus species could grow at low temperature and tolerated a wide range of pH. Phosphate solubilization by various Aspergillus species ranged between 374lg/ml (A. candidus) to 1394μg/ml (A. niger) at 28˚C, 33μg/ml (A. fumigatus) to 2354μg/ml (A. niger) at 21˚C, 93μg/ml (A. fumigatus) to 1452μg/ml (A. niger) at 14˚C, and 21μg/ml (A. wentii) to 83μg/ml (A. niger) at 9˚C. At 21 and 28˚C, phosphate solubilization showed a decrease within 4 weeks of incubation, whereas at 9˚C and 14˚C, it continued further up to 6 weeks of incubation. In general, phosphate solubilization by different Aspergillus species was recorded at a maximum of 28˚C or 21˚C; biomass production was favored at 21˚C or 14˚C. Conversely, A. nidulans and A. sydowii exhibited maximum phosphate solubilization at 14˚C and produced maximum biomass at 21˚C. Data suggest that suboptimal conditions (higher or lower temperature) for fungal growth and biomass production were optimal for the production of metabolites involved in phosphate solubilization. Significant negative correlations were obtained between pH and phosphate solubilization for eight species at 28˚C, for seven at 21˚C, and for nine at 14˚C. Extracellular phosphatase activity was exhibited only in case of A. niger, whreas intracellular phosphatase activity was detected in all species, the maximum being in A. niger. Statistically significant positive or negative correlations were obtained between phosphate solubilization and other parameters in most cases at different temperatures.

抄録全体を表示

本稿では，YouTubeスマートフォンアプリ利用者のアーキテクチャ利用のパターンを明らかにした上で，アーキテクチャ利用のパターンとアプリでの視聴時間および動画ジャンルの視聴頻度の関係を明らかにした。この課題に取り組んだのは，（１）インターネットサービスにおいてアーキテクチャが利用者行動に対して影響力を持ちうる，（２）個人同定と情報推奨というアーキテクチャが接触情報内容の幅を狭めるのか広げるのかという議論には決着がついていない，（３）高選択メディアにおいては視聴動画ジャンルの分断が生じうる，という主として３つの先行研究との関わりゆえである。動画サービス利用が進む中で，動画ジャンルレベルでの利用者行動についての実証研究が乏しいという背景もある。

YouTubeアプリを過去７日間に１回以上利用した15〜49歳までの男女604名に対するWebアンケート調査を分析した結果，アーキテクチャ利用のパターンとして５つが確認され，この中でアプリ視聴時間の長いものは「全アーキテクチャ高頻度」群と「登録チャンネル」群であった。また動画推奨アルゴリズムが機能するアーキテクチャを高い頻度で利用する者が高頻度で視聴する動画ジャンルは「音楽」であること，登録チャンネルに重きを置いて利用する者において「スポーツ・芸能・現場映像」，「学び・社会情報」，「エンタメ」の３ジャンルの視聴頻度が平均的な利用者よりも低いことを示した。論文の最後では，この結果について議論した。

抄録全体を表示