This study discusses the manner in which Atayal (Atayalic subgroup, Austronesian language family) underwent a semantic shift in time expressions such as “a little while ago,” “now, today,” and “morning, .” In relation to this, the forms for “yesterday,” “a little while ago,” and “later” are also discussed. In Proto-Austronesian, the meanings of “morning” and “” are inseparable, and this form is reconstructed as *dama. In earlier Atayal, sasan meant both “morning” and “.” The Atayal form, sasan, “morning, ,” does not reflect *dama. This study examines the origin of sasan in Seediq (Atayalic subgroup), a language closely related to Atayal. In Seediq, the form for “now, today” is saða, and it later became saya. The ð dates back to the Proto-Atayalic *j; thus, a tentative form in Proto-Atayalic can be reconstructed as *saja, meaning “now, today.” The Proto-Atayalic *j is reflected as g, r, or s in Atayal, so *saja can be reflected as saga, sara, or sasa. The last form, sasa, may be related to sasan “morning, .” It is likely that -an was attached, a suffix indicating time or space, resulting in sasa-an. Then, one of the a’s was deleted from the consecutive vowels, becoming sasan. Somehow, its meaning shifted from “now, today” to “morning, .” This study proposes that this semantic shift was driven by another semantic shift relating to a Proto-Atayalic form, *sawni, which means “a little while ago.” This word extended its meaning to include “today in the morning” and then further extended to refer to “today”; it probably also referred to “now.” As sawni became “now, today,” sasan, the original word for “now, today,” shifted its meaning to “morning, .”

抄録全体を表示

We have picked up the 1053 data of pilot balloon observation which reached above the height of 2000 meters at the Maebashi Weather Station from July 1932 to April 1942, and carefully divided the types of their paths into 21 classes. We have, also, chiefly examined the form of the winding of paths, statistical characteristics of wind direction and velocity above or below the discontinuous surfaces, and further arranged the corresponding weather frequency tables for to-day, and day-after- in three classes-fair, cloudy, rainy-after four seasons in the year.
Considering the local, topograph, or daily change effects for the paths, we have obtained the following characteristics:-
a) clockwise paths of balloons largely occur in the region of rising barometric pressure behind cyclonic area and the attending weather becomes better step by step, but the sharp curve on a discontinious surface may result in bad weather on and day-after-.
b) anticlockwise paths generally result in bad weather excepting the case of summer, when, sometimes easterly winds prevail up to higher levels.
c) when the southly components of wind in 2-4km layers are increasing, bad weather is expected.
d) it is interesting to remark that the same weather map does not always correspond to the same path.

抄録全体を表示

How do we remember future plans? In this study, three experiments were conducted to examine this issue. Thirty to forty different undergraduate or graduate students participated as subjects in each experiment. In Experiment 1, subjects were asked to memorize plans for a day, assuming that they were of in the ‘future’ condition and that they were of yesterday in the ‘past’ condition. The result showed that plans for the morning and the evening were recalled better than plans for the daytime (the U-shape effect), only in the future condition. In Experiment 2, plans were presented without time, so that subjects could not use any specific schema associated with time. In this condition, the U-shape effect disappeared. In Experiment 3, subjects were required to memorize plans for two days, and the day after . The result showed the U-shape effect for each day, not for two consecutive days. These results lead to the conclusion that some ‘temporal information’ about a day may affect the memory for future plans.

抄録全体を表示

This paper presents the research and development of conical gear for more than 25 years, many applications, and a new possibility for . Now that the design and production method has been developed, the conical gear came to be used in a wide range of applications. This paper first presents the outline of the design and production system. Secondly it introduces many applications. Finally, it discusses a new type of conical gear called "Concave conical gear", and presents a new possibility of conical gear for , by showing practical uses for vehicle transmissions.

抄録全体を表示

Socio-geochemistry is the science that adds humans to the constituent factors of the earth’s materials circulation system. Of course, the human activities within the system should not be for the purposes of destruction. Even if the actions are unintentional, they cannot be allowed to destroy the system or its constituent factors. Because unintended destruction emerges as a side effect, however, it is difficult to prevent by taking action beforehand. What makes that possible is human wisdom. Humans have learned from past experience and developed a method. The approach is to first take some sort of action when we see any sign of risk even though scientific uncertainty is involved, in other words, to exercise the precautionary principle. Spreading this concept throughout society is one of the goals of socio-geochemistry.

抄録全体を表示

    Over the last decade, there has been an intensification of initiatives, and an increase in the number of organizations that focus on international development through sport. Also In Japan, Japanese government promote the international development initiatives through sports by starting Sports for . However, no systematic effort has been made to understand how these initiatives are implemented. The purpose of this paper is to explore the international development initiatives through sports carried out by all organizations based in Japan. We collected text data reporting on the international development through sports from website of each member of the Sport for consortium and analysed it through a content analysis. The authors find 16 forms of activities, these forms are classified based on the type of offerings made by these activities. Five forms are categorized as economic cooperation, five forms are categorized as material cooperration, and six forms are categorized as personnel cooperation. The results suggest that many organizations other than public institutions have implemented the international development through sports initiatives in accordance with their features or resources.

抄録全体を表示

In the rollover of forward foreign exchange contracts, FX brokers generally selects

-next transaction because of higher liquidity and lower risk. However, it might be possible to obtain larger swap points by selecting longer forward transactions such as one-week or three- week forward in terms of the term premium. Therefore, we detect optimal timings to select longer forward transactions by machine learning techniques, and propose a mixed strategy that combines -next and longer forward transactions. This timing might be affected by various factors such as global stocks, bonds, commodities, etc., and we could obtain larger swap points by the mixed strategy using the machine learning with these global factors.

抄録全体を表示

When most people hear the word robot, they probably think of a human-shaped robot. However, software engineers may think of RPA (Robotic Process Automation). Whether it is hardware or software, robots basically operate as instructed by humans and perform human work. In other words, a robot is a servant. This is because the current industrial society brought about by the Industrial Revolution is centered on things, and the amount of work required to do so has increased dramatically over time. As everybody knows, society changes with time. The industrial society is getting close to its end, and now it is time to think about the next society. The biggest problem with the industrial society is that it consumes too much energy, and it is no longer possible to maintain the industrial society. Furthermore, the reason that the industrial society cannot be maintained is the rapid aging of the population, we cannot securea working population. However, the population is increasing in developing countries. But these people are not able to support the industrial society due to the lack of literacy (skills, knowledge). , the Industrial Revolution introduced the division of labor. Before that, we enjoyed a unique characteristic that only human have, i.e., We think about the future, and worked hard to make those dreams come true. This is self-realization, and it allows humans to feel the greatest happiness and sense of accomplishment. However, because of the division of labor, we began to work for others, and to this day we have lived without being able to feel the greatest happiness that humans are originally capable of. A big problem for the elderly, especially men, is that they make friends at work, so when they retire from work, they lose friends and become lonely. Therefore, how to overcome this sense of loneliness and bring

to the world of the elderly, too, is an important issue. In this presentation, how to tackle this issue will be discussed.

抄録全体を表示

This paper presents a fundamental concept of the active learning system using the National Instruments (NI) myRIO architecture. Hardware and software platform that aims at giving engineering students the ability to design real systems quickly for automation, robotics, data logging or embedded systems are introduced. Then, a student design competition was organized for the students at national college students in Japan. Then, the assessment of active learning system is presented to understand its impact.

抄録全体を表示

Deforestation and degradation of tropical forests have been continued at alarming rate more than several decades. To address the problems surround tropical forests requires good information, serious thinking, informed dialogue, experimentation and learning from past mistakes. Considerable works to address deforestation and degradation of tropical forests as well as to promote sustainable use of forests have been conducted in the world for many years. There are rich experiences but they are not utilized well. One of the biggest obstacles has been the poor flow of information between stakeholders including researchers. We often fail to share our findings with each other. I hope that our theme symposium helps to solve this problem by providing opportunities to know each other in this research filed. The symposium is not an end but a start to build a better through dialogue among participants.

抄録全体を表示

In 'fake' past sentences 'I had an exam

,' past tense suggests speaker remembers forgotten. I argue awareness, instead of belief or knowledge, is involved and propose logic of awareness.

抄録全体を表示