Mistakes in inspection, maintenance and work are the main causes of incidents that result in losses in plants as well as casualties of workers and neighboring residents. Thus, the permit-to-work (PTW) for safe work plays a key role in preventing incidents. The most important function of the PTW is to present various work-related potential hazards and utilize them for safety management by workers and managers. This paper presents a practical framework including detailed configurations of the hazard inventory in order to enable companies to implement the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) embedded in the PTW system that is most appropriate for identifying hazards, but difficult to obligate due to the heavy workload from a great number of work permits. This framework is characterized by categorization of hazards into task-level and job-level and the safety management system (SMS)-linked structure for supporting JSA and sound hazard data management. Furthermore, the process of implementing this framework into a working system linked to the SMS/PTW system of KOGAS and its effective results are presented. Ultimately, this paper demonstrates a practical framework that enhances job safety and the efficiency of work when implementing obligatory JSA, which should be ideally embedded in the PTW system for the safety of the most polymorphic work.

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[Purpose] This study was conducted to identify the effects of expiratory muscle strength training on swallowing function in acute stroke patients with dysphagia. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 18 stroke patients with dysphagia were enrolled in the study. All participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=9) or a control group (n=9). All participants performed traditional-swallowing rehabilitation therapy in 30-minute sessions five times a week for four weeks; however, only the experimental group received expiratory muscle strength training. [Results] Both groups showed significant improvements after mediation. When compared with the control group, the functional dysphagia scale, vallecular residue, and penetration-aspiration scale were significantly improved in the experimental group. [Conclusion] Expiratory muscle strength training is an effective intervention for impaired swallowing function in acute strike patients with dysphagia.

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There is a growing trend in re-orientating occupational health research towards risk management. Such a trend is accelerated by the increasing attention to occupational safety and health management systems. The trend, also seen in many Asian countries, is offering new opportunities for strengthening primary prevention. Useful examples are provided from recent work improvement projects dealing with technology transfer, small workplaces and rural areas. Common features of both these work improvement projects and accepted occupational risk management principles are reviewed based on recent experiences in Asian countries. Such features seem highly relevant in examining the occupational health research strategies. These experiences clearly show that locally adjusted procedures for risk assessment and control must be developed. There are new research needs concerning (a) the effective ways to encourage control at the workplace; (b) practical methods for local risk assessment; and (c) the types of participatory steps leading to continual improvements in the varying local context. Criteria of action-oriented research that can contribute to more effective risk control in different settings are discussed. Six relevant criteria may be mentioned: (a) adaptive risk management; (b) work/risk relationships; (c) action-oriented risk assessment; (d) use of collective expertise; (e) participation of local people; and (f) mutual learning. It appears crucial to stimulate research into the practical risk control procedures adjusted to the local situation.

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The UN Development System(UNDS) has been engaged in an ambitious repositioning to attain the 2030 Agenda since May 2018. This is expected to yield more integrated and focused delivery on the ground, as well as accountability for contributions, with better-aligned capacities, skillsets, and resources toward the realization of the 2030 Agenda. Reform of the UNDS is also a response to re-emerging skepticism about the value of multilateralism and the relevance of multilateral institutions. Addressing the current global challenges requires inclusive and integrated approaches, a limitation for any single

seeking to fully and unilaterally provide for all needs. At the center of the UNDS transformation is the Resident Coordinator(RC) System, which is being redesigned to deliver collective responses to national needs. It is a role that emphasizes the importance of the effectiveness of multilateral aid channels. This paper reviews the reform process of the UNDS and identifies new challenges for multilateral aid channels in ways that can contribute to multilateral aid. It seeks to define approaches that can sufficiently account for aid allocation in the attainment of the international community's most prominent development challenge.

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“The World Bosai Forum/International Disaster Risk Conference in Sendai,” or just “World Bosai Forum” has been held every two years since 2017. The theme of this forum regards what is needed to create “the opportunity” and “the idea” among and between humans and things, how to attract the attention of various stakeholders inside and outside the country in terms of disaster prevention and mitigation, and contributing to discussions on international strategies for disaster prevention. This paper considers how the World Bosai Forum should be by comparing the World Bosai Forum 2017 and the World Bosai Forum 2019, including aspects like their participants and content, to further contribute to disaster prevention and mitigation inside and outside the country.

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帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群8%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定ではU検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, U検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定ではU検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

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CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

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　最近実施されたGPSの世界キャソペーンによる成果は,GPSがVLBIやSLRなどの他の宇宙技術と同じ程度すなわち10^-9の桁の基準点決定精度を達成しつつあることを示している.経済性などを考慮すると,近い将来GPSは地球規模での測地的ならびに地球物理的観測を実施する際の標準的な観測手段となる可能性もある.また,このような世界的な規模でのGPS衛星の追跡は,衛星の精密暦を取得して地域的・局地的な観測を実施する際の支援としても重要である.こうした可能性・要求をふまえ,GPSの世界的な組識であるInternational GPS Geodynamics Service(IGS)の設立の準備がすすめられつつあり,1992年6月～9月に試験的なキャンペーンが実施された.IGSが充分に機能するにはまだいくつかの技術的な課題が残されてはいるものの,これらを解決してGPSデータ及びその成果が高精度かつ迅速に世界中に配布されるようになれば,永年海面変動の研究,地球回転の研究,準拠楕円体の高精度決定と保持などの測地学の基本的な研究は強力に推進されるであろう.一方,プレート境界域のテクトニクス,地震予知や火山噴火予知などといった,より地域的な問題においても,GPSは有効な観測手段である.地域的なGPS観測研究はすでに世界各地で実施されているが,日本においても「GPS JAPAN」と名付けられた全国共同観測が,周辺諸国の協力のもとに1990年より実施されている.このような地域的な観測を有効に実施するには,例えばIGSなどの世界的な観測網との緊密な連携と国際間の協力及び機関間の協力が必要不可欠であり,GPSの大規模な利用によって地域的な測地的ならびに地球物理的な観測研究は飛躍的に進展するであろうと思われる.

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The case of Sungmisan Village was highly evaluated by the Korean government which resulted in efforts to guide and support similar cases in other regions. However, there are several problems that have become apparent with these efforts and are believed to stem from a lack of understanding of ‘networks', which are what led to the success of Sungmisan Village. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the structure and characteristics of various types of ‘networks' between community-based organizations and the status of self-generated community activities in Sungmisan Village. Additionally, and unlike previous studies based on interviews, it became possible to understand the realities of ‘networks' more accurately via analyses of social networks based on specific exchanges of resources. In summary, the dense, broad information sharing and joint projects between organizations housing the same purpose exist as the most vital basis of the entire

. Client referrals and local consumption activities are thought to be capable of carrying out sustainable economic activities through extensive links covering various fields of activities with significant organizations. Lastly, cultural/art/learning organizations play indirect, intermediary roles which cover both the for-profit and non-profit sectors in addition to increasing flexibility within the entire . The results of the study can be used for the community's solidarity and response to the local problems currently facing Sungmisan Village. Furthermore, it will also help develop citizen-led support policies that induce cooperation between organizations and the formation of structures.

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The focus of traditional market revitalization policy is shifting from physical improvement projects to social regeneration efforts designed to stimulate the declining traditional market by means of cultural instruments in . Given this trend, this study analyzes what kind of cultural promotion activities sponsored by public assistance influence social capital formation on the traditional market. The causative factors derived from cultural promotion activities are awareness transition activities, grassroots expansion activities, and empowerment activities, In comparison to cultural promotion activities, the causative factors derived from routine merchant activities are routine interactions, economic interactions, fellowship activities, and autonomous activities. The influence relationship model designed to denote the resultant factors consists of reliability, participation, , and sense of community.
The study results revealed that cultural promotion activities and routine activities had a positive impact on social capital formation. In the case of cultural promotion activities, awareness transition activities and grassroots expansion activities were found to largely exercise a positive influence, whereas empowerment activities showed a negative influence. In addition, in the case of routine merchant activities, fellowship activities and autonomous activities, which include communal characteristics, were shown to exercise a more intense influence on social capital formation.

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The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) recommends the Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) as reference values for preventing adverse health effects on workers caused by occupational exposure to chemical substances, continuous or intermittent noise, impulsive or impact noise, heat stress, cold stress, whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

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From the 1970s to 2000, the occupational accident rate in showed a continuous decline. However, the rate has remained stagnant since 2000 even when the fatal injury rate has decreased 40% from that year. Injuries caused by being caught in objects have decreased while those caused by slips and falls on same level and falls from the height have increased. In 2010, the non-fatal injury rate per 100 employees was 0.63 while the fatal injury rate per 100,000 employees was 9.74. The construction industry accounted for 40.2% of all fatal injuries, and falls from the height caused 54.3% of the fatality. Musculoskeletal diseases accounted for 78.8% of the non-fatal occupational diseases while cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and pneumoconiosis are the two major fatal occupational diseases. Occupational diseases caused by chemical agents have decreased to 0.6% of all cases. However, there were several social disputes related to occupational diseases caused by low level of chemicals such as leukemia in a semiconductor company. planned to reduce the fatal injury rate and total workday loss by 30% by 2015. In order to achieve this goal, the government will focus on vulnerable groups in collaboration with allies such as professional associations or organizations.

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A dynamic anchor-area (DAA) scheme is proposed to reduce the location management cost for PCS networks. Based on an Intra-LA location update (LU) scheme, the proposed DAA scheme utilizes a given timer value and a movement list. The DAA scheme considers a wider variety of mobile terminal's movement pattern than the previous intra-LA LU scheme. Simulations confirm that the proposed scheme offers a significant reduction in the location management cost.

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Intracerebral injection of vegetative myxamoebae of strains of Polysphondylium pallidum caused 80 to 100% mortality in mice, whereas a 30 to 50% mortality occurred with strains of Dictyostelium giganteum and D. mucoroides. Death is attributable to an unidentified toxic factor. Histopathologically a giant cell formation was seen in the spleen of mice. This cell was different from Langerhan's or foreign body giant cell. Rats injected intracerebrally behaved similarly. Intranasal instillation of myxamoebae in guinea pigs caused transient pneumonia. Myxamoebae do not multiply in the brain tissues of mice or rats, or in the lungs of guinea pigs.
Intranasal instillation of vegetative myxamoebae is less pathogenic than free living amoebae like Hartmanella culbertsoni, H. rhysodes, Naegleria sp. (Culbertson strain HB-1), or Naegleria aerobia.

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