Some of the patients with temporpmandibular disorders (TMD) complain about not only major TMD symptoms but also other symptoms like stiff shoulder, dizziness, headache and so on. Many of researchers have been reported on the influence of occlusion and stomatognathic system on systemic symptom and posture by using a gravity fluctuation analysing system. So we evaluated the influence of stomatognathic system and systemic condition on gravity fluctuation. Ten volunteers were examined for their systemic symptoms and measured and recorded gravity fluctuation. General symptom, posture or facial symmetry, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or occlusion were recorded as the score. Category of general symptoms included dizziness, headache, stiff shoulder, numbness of hand, leg, and lumbago. Category of posture or facial symmetry included height of eyes, lip and shoulder and shift of nose. Category of TMJ and occlusion included pain of masseter and temporalis muscle, TMJ sound, opening disturbance, occlusal disharmony, and jaw shift. The area of gravity fluctuation was measured by using the gravity fluctuation analysing system. The score of general symptom was 2.8±2.04. The score of posture or facial symmetry was 2.4±1.26. The score of TMJ or occlusion was 2.2±1.32. There was no significant correlation between the area of gravity fluctuation and each three categories, but the tendency of positive correlation was seen.

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Five hundred fifty-five new-patients who visited the Temporomandibular Disorders Clinic of Kyushu Dental College Hospital from July 5th, 1999 to the end of March, 2002, were examined for their gender, age, residential area, chief complaint, type of disorders, treatment. The number of patients tended to increase year by year. Ratio of male to female was 1:2.84. Fukuoka Prefecture abounded in the residential area. Many of them had pain in temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle. They were treated mainly by splint therapy, medication, and prosthesis including occlusal adjustments.

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Since 1994, we have trained Nepali (including school teachers and social workers) to develop their own self-reliance in oral health. 40 members have received training in this program. In December, 2000, in order to evaluate how this program is working and how much progress is being made, the program was evaluated by the Japanese staff (trainers) and Nepali trainees. Results are as follows;
1. The Japanese evaluaters found that this program had activated oral health education in schools.
2. Nepali evaluaters found that the program was effective in the schools, but that education to the local people was not so easy and that they did not want to undertake it.
3. Primary school teachers who received this training answered that they wanted health education for local people as well as for the school students.
4. These results indicated that their needs to further education because of the gap in perceptions of the Nepali oral health worker who received this training. After that, there is a need to arrange of the program to coordinate Nepali oral health worker’s consciousness.
These results suggest that this program was effective. But to progress further in the Nepali oral health worker’s willingness, we have to introduce a new program relating to how to coordinate their consciousness, how to include local people in this program and how to increase Nepali self-reliance.

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The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare advocates dental examinations for those people 40 and 50 years old, but actually most of such people have already had periodontal disease by that time. Kumamoto city government’s aim is to decrease the number of missing teeth with aging. We then started “the Dental Examination for 20 Years Old” project since 1998. We have performed dental examinations on the oral condition and questionnaire about the knowledge of oral care for 153 young people aged between 18 and 29 years during university festivals in 2001. We found that the extensive decay of teeth and collapse of the gums had not been seen, although their oral hygiene were not so good. However, the frequency of use of inter-dental brush and dental floss was low, and the negative effect for periodontal disease by smoking was not recognized so well. These results suggest that effective education and instruction for dental health is required among young people in their 20’s.

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P2X₃ receptor in one of the ion channel receptors for ATP. This receptor is expressed in circumvallate, foliate and fungiform papillae but the functions of this receptor have not been revealed in taste buds. Alpha-gustducin and phospolipase Cβ2(PLCβ2) are the important signalling components in taste signalling system. In order to reveal the functions of P2X₃ in taste buds, we examined the localization of concentrated ATP and the relationships between P2X₃, α-gustducin and PLCβ2 using double-label immunohistochemistry method in rat circumvallate and fungiform papillae. P2X₃ positive nerve fibers connected to the α-gustducinor PLCβ2 positive cells in taste buds. These results suggest that ATP may play some roles in taste signaling system.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of NK₁-receptors in osteoblasts and the effects of tachykinins (substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B) on bone formation by rat calvarial osteoblasts. NK₁-receptor mRNA expression and fluo-SP binding were found in 16-day cultured osteoblats. A significant increase in bone formation by cultured osteoblasts was observed with the addition of 10^-7-10^-6M SP or 10^-11∼10^-9M NKB, but not NKA. These increases in bone formation with the addition of SP or NKB were inhibited by the addition of SP or NK₁-R antagonists. The results indicate that SP and NKB stimulate bone formation by osteoblasts at the late stage of bone formation via NK₁-Rs.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of substance P (SP) on the formation of osteoclasts from human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). PBMC cultured with 10% FCS containing 1,25(OH)₂D₃, M-CSF, RANKL for 2 weeks formed TRAP (+) multinucleated cells (osteoclasts) that is cathepsin K immuno-positive and have the bone resorption activity. The addition of SP induced the increased number of TRAP (+) multinucleated cell, and the increase of TRAP (+) multinucleated cells by SP was inhibited by the addition of SP or neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. These findings suggests that SP stimulated the formation of osteoclasts from PBMC through the neurokinin-1 receptor.

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In this study, we used weanling rats to study the effect of low dietary intake of zinc or calcium on the growth and development in tibia metaphysis. From the results, we drew a conclusion that low zinc diet in the period of development and growth did not have significant effect on the bone development, but low calcium diet would impair the growth and development of which could be found by the change of indicators of bone density, geometric and bone strength.

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Low-power laser irradiation provides healing acceleration, and is supposed to accelerate for bone formation after fracture. However, the mechanism of laser healing is not well known. In the present study, we investigated the effects of laser irradiation on the osteoblastic bone formation. When osteoblastic cells from 3-days-old rat calvaria were irradiated in a variety of condition. The greatest bone formation was observed by the laser irradiation at the first week after seeding and in irradiation energy of 3.75 J/cm². The laser irradiation induced the increase of ALP activity at 7 days after seeding, and the increased number of cells at 4 days and after. These results suggest that cell proliferation was enhanced by laser irradiation in the early stage of culture, and the increased number of cells and stimulated osteoblast differentiation results in the increase of bone formation.

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We study the relation between antral floor and root of tooth in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis of patients taking steroid by means of orthopantomography. Patients taking steroid for years are RA, SLE and PM/DM. Materials in this study were the films of orthopantomography which were taken for medical treatment about odontogenic maxillary sinusitis of 14 patients taking steroid and 14 patients with only sinusitis. The age of patients is 39 to 59. In the result, the root apex of the diseased tooth neared the antral floor in all cases of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis of 14 patients with only sinusitis. On the other hand, in the patients taking steroid, 7 cases was just the same with the relation between antral floor and root of diseased tooth in all cases of patients with only sinusitis. But, the root apex of the diseased tooth was free from the antral floor in cases of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis of 7 patients taking steroid.

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The test agent, a newly-developed tooth whitening agent, is used for the waiting room bleaching. It is a mixture of 5% hydrogen peroxide solution and sodium perborate. In this study, the test agent was evaluated on the possibility of allergenicity in mice. It was underwent to examine by the ear swelling test whether the test agent caused type IV allergic reaction. Then the distribution of immunocytes in ears and lymph nodes during the ear swelling test was observed by the indirect enzyme immunoassay. CD4 and CD8 positive cells were detected. In the ear swelling test, the increase of ear thickness was not recognized. There found no difference between the test agent and the control on CD4 and CD8 positive cell numbers in the second examination. The results suggest that the test agent scarcely causes type IV allergy even in human.

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Electrolyzed acid water has been used widely in dental practice. Recently, electrolyzed neutral water was developed as improved type for corrosion resistance and durability of bactericidal efficacy. In the present study, the questionnaire was performed to 40 dental students in order to investigate appropriate use of electrolyzed waters. Almost every subject felt some discomfort in strong acid water by smell of residual chlorine and bad taste (salty or sour). There were not many subjects who felt the uncomfortable smell and irritation, but most subject felt untasty. On the other hand, electrolyzed neutral water is the most suitable type which is easy to use for mouth-wash because of its least uncomfortable smell and irritation.

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Liquation of metal and dental materials, they have possibility of causing mucosal diseases such as lichen planus, palmoplantar pustulosis. As only liquation of dental materials’ is not the cause of these diseases, we dentists should make a diagnosis and treat them carefully. In this study, we report the basic conception of metallic allergy, diagnosis, treatment and the positive high rate of sensetization with LP. Thus, metallic allergy seems to be related to dental LP. Patient and dentist need to understand metallic allergy better, we should make a diagnosis and treat more appropriately.

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Recently, dental approach for the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is noticed, and we have been fabricating the anterior mandibular positioning device since 2000. In this study, we reported the details on fifty OSAS outpatients (37 males and 13 females) who requested the dental device, and also reported the flow of the treatment in our clinic. It was understood that the most of the patients had the slight and medium-class level disorders from the results of the polysomnographic study and Epworth’s sleepiness score.

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About newly 1400 patients per yaer visit at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tagawa Municipal Hospital. Twenty percent of newly patients were came from primary clinic. Since April 1999, the definitive therapy of oral cancer has treated at the department. At the first visit, patients are explained the extent of disease, the diagnosis of cancer, another departments of oral cancer, the importance of second opinion about the disease, the treatment of cancer, physical problem after treatment based on UWQOL (University of Washington, Quality of Life Questionnaire) and prognosis. This paper investigate the treatment attitudes of newly oral cancer 27 patients at the department for 3 years.

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Bone morphogenetic proteins, which includes growth / differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), are multifunctional cytokines. Recent studies of intracellular signal transduction mechanism, for transforming growth factor-β superfamily have focus on Smad proteins, but have paid little attention to the mechanism by which GDF-5 exert its negative growth effect on immunologocal competent cell. In present study, we demonstrated that GDF-5 induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase before appearanc of apoptosis in mouse B cell hybridoma HS-72. Moreover, we found that Smad6 and Smad7 suppressed GDF-5-induces apoptosis in HS-72 cells.

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PRP has recently applied clinically in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery for the efficacy of bone regeration, bone augmentation, wound healing. In PRP various kinds of growth factors and cytokines deprived from platelets such as TGF-β, PDGF, IGF, bFGF have been reported to be included a lot by some researchers. In this study we evaluated the effects of PRP on osteoblast like cells, HOS and SaOS-2 examining Alkaline phosohatase activity and cell viability using MTT assay. PRP seemed to enhance the cell viably soon after addition of PRP and have inhibitary effects of ALP activity in the intial peroids.

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Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a component of extracellular matrix, and plays an important role in bone formation, resorption and mineralization in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we examined the effects of GAG, chondroitin sulfate A, B, D and E, and heparin on the osteoclast formation in mouse marrow culture. Interestingly, chondroitin sulfate A, B, D and E, and heparin enhanced multinucleated osteoclast-like cell formation induced by receptor activaor of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). studies are under way to define the GAG-activated pathways in osteoclastogenesis by RANKL.

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Ossification during distraction osteogenesis is generally classified into two types: intramembranous and endochondral. The development of intramembranous or endochondral bone formation is influenced by different conditions. It is unknown whether the cartilage in the distraction gap is transformed into the new bone or not. The purpose of our experimental work was to investigate the morphological features of the ossification that occurs during the transition of cartilage to bone in mandibular distraction osteogenesis using the rabbit model. The cortical osteotomy were performed, and the custom-made devices were applied. Immediately after surgery, the devices were lengthened 0.25 mm every 12 hours for 10 days. After the lengthening was completed, 4 rabbits were sacrificed and then same number at 5- and 10-day. Histological staining techniques together with immunohistochemistry were performed. Apoptotic cells were identified by means of an in situ detection assay for nuclear DNA fragmentation using a modified TUNEL procedure. The cartilage in the distraction gap ossifies in the following two patterns: endochondral ossification and trans-chondroid bone formation. Apoptotic cells were discerned in the hypertrophic chondrocytes. The apoptosis is implicated to play a role in the process of the transition of the cartilage to bone in mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

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In this study, mRNA levels of two estrogen receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) in bisphenol A-treated mouse testis were examined. Bisphenol A (2000, 20 or 0ng/g body weight/day) was given to dams by oral gavage during days 8-12 after parturition. At day 15 of life, pups were sacrificed and testicular RNAs were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. ER beta mRNA levels were significantly decreased, while levels of ER alpha mRNA slightly increased in mice treated neonataly with bisphenol A. These results suggest that neonatal bisphenol A exposure may lead to down-regulation of receptors resulting in an estrogen deficiency syndrome.

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The present study aimed to clarify a hypothesis that endothelin-1 (ET-1) would relate to the inflammation of periodontium, so that ET-1 presence and location in human gingival tissues and the ET-1 expression of KB cells were examined. As a result of immunohistochemistry of human gingival tissue sections, the expression of ET-1 in inflamed gingival tissues was increasing in the gingival epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells compared to uninflamed tissues. After KB cells were cultured with P. gingivalis, the expression of ET-1 was examined using RT-PCR and ELISA. Compared to KB cells cultured without P. gingivalis, ET-1 mRNA levels of the KB cells and ET-1 protein expression in the supernatants were significantly greater in the cells with P. gingivalis. The present study indicated that ET-1 was increasing in inflamed periodontal tissues, therefore, it was suggested that ET-1 expression in the gingival epithelial cell associated with the inflammation of periodntium.

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The aim of this study was to investigate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) immunohistchemically in an antigen-induced arthritis of the rabbit temporomandibular joint. TNF-α was detected in biphasic style, i.e. in acute phase inflammatory cells, synovial cells, subsynovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes were reacted positively, and in chronic phase reproduction of TNF-α was observed in synovial cells and chondrocytes. Immunoreactivities for TNF-α were markedly observed in clustering chondrocytes in chronic phase. Positive reactions for IL-8 in inflammatory cells, synovial cells and chondrocytes were observed only in acute phase of the arthritis.

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Ozone is a strong antimicrobial agent against bacteria, fungi, protozoan and viruses. In the present study, we examined the effect of ozonated water on oral microorganisms. After exposure of ozonated water, cell viability of oral microorganisms significantly decreased. There were no significant difference in the antimicrobial activity between ozonated water and oral disinfectants such as povidone iodine and benzethonium chloride. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed virtually complete breakage of ozonated water-treated S. mutans, suggesting that membrane components are the primary targets of ozonated water. Taken together, these results suggest that the ozonated water should be useful in reducing the numbers of infections caused by oral microoganisms.

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Odontoma, one of the typical odontogenic tumor, is not rarely found our clinical procedure. It commonly occurs in the jaw bone. This case of odontoma was recognized on the mucosa of the mandibular with inflammation of a 15 year old male. Histopathlogical diagnosis was complex odontomma with bacterial infection.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical periodontal parameters and the symptoms of mouth breathing. We examined the clinical periodontal parameters, such as Plaque index, PMA index and CPI of 253 elementary school children in Kitakyushu city. Symptoms of mouth breathing measured were lip seal, nasal obstruction, gingival overgrowth of labial surface, tension ridge of palate, anterior caries, lip drying, halitosis and high palate. Statistically higher Plaque index was observed in subjects with insufficient lip seal. Subjects with clinical symptoms of gingival overgrowth, tension ridge and anterior caries that may be the result from mouth breathing showed significant higher Plaque index comparing with subjects without symptoms. Nasal obstruction was not observed frequently subjects with clinical symptoms related to mouth breathing, so that nasal obstruction may not be the direct cause of the mouth breathing.

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Taste-mGluR4 is known to be a candidate for the receptor involved in the sense of umami taste. Although, the expression of taste-mGluR4 and mGluR4 (group III) have been demonstrated in taste tissues, no mention has been made of the expression of group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and mGluR5) in taste tissues. In order to examine the expression of group I receptors in rat taste tissues, we used RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR assay showed that mGluR1 mRNA expressed in circumvallate papillae and non gustatory epithelium. In cryosections of fungiform, foliate and circumvallate papillae, the antibody against mGluR1a gave intense labelling of the taste hairs and the restricted parts under subgeamal epithelium. The results of the present study strongly indicate that, in addition to mGluR4, mGluR1a may function as a umami receptor.

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In this study, we used three-week-old male Wistar rats, corresponding to weanling children in human, to study the effect of dietary therapy using ipriflavone combined with 1α-OH-D₃ on debilitated mandibular condyle by observing the ultrastructural alteration. We got results as follow. By light microscope, the low calcium diet group showed reduction of secondary spongy bone. In the low calcium diet and standard diet with supplementary ipriflavone and 1α-OH-D₃ group, the calcification of chondral matrix and ossification were active, the mandibular condyle grew normally. In ultrastructural research, the low calcium diet and standard diet with supplementary ipriflavone and 1α-OH-D₃ group showed that the territorial matrixs between chondral lacunae were often found, and the borders of chondral lacunae were distinct. The characteristic of this group was most osteoclasts were inactive and parting from bone matrix, and active osteoblasts lined on the surface of bone formation separated by osteoid.

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To localize the sites of reticular part of the substantia nigra (SNr) which induce activity in the muscles of orofacial region, mapping by electrical microstimulation (40 pulses, 333 Hz, 40 μA) was performed in lightly anesthetized rats previously decerebrated. The selected sites were electrolytically marked through an elgiloy microelectrode tip for later histological identification. When the right SNr, 5.5-6.0 mm posterior to Bregma, 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, was stimulated, remarkable EMG activities appeared in the ipsilateral masseter, anterior digastricus, genioglossus, and levator labii superioris muscles. Occasional movements of the contralateral forelimb and ipsilateral eye ball were also observed.

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Electrolyzed acid water has been used for sterilizing and washing in dental practice. Newly developed AP water, which is called second-generation soft electrolyzed neutral water, experientially appears to be effective in hemostasis. In this study, hemostatic effect was examined. The tail of mice was cut and time to stop bleeding was determined. Some commercial dental local hemostatics were used as controls. AP water significantly shortened bleeding time compared to non-treatment. The effect of AP water was at the same level as that of 0.1% epinephrine solution and liquid with 1000 u/ml thrombin. These results suggest that AP water is clinically useful as a hemostatic.

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We used the flange technique to construct dentures for two postoperative oral tumor patients and obtained good results. One of the patients had been diagnosed with a gingival carcinoma of the right maxilla and had had a radical dissection of the right neck and a partial resection of the right maxilla in 1996. The other patient bad been diagnosed with a left mandibular ameloblastoma and had had a partial resection of the mandible from the left ramus to the right secondary premolar region, and a free graft of the iliac bone had been performed in 1977. After taking ordinary impressions and registering the vertical and horizontal interocclusal relation, we first used the flange technique to record the lower denture space, where the arrangement was made of the lower and upper artificial teeth. We then used the technique to contour (wax) the polished surface of the trial denture, which should be shaped in such a manner as to aid retention by the mechanical directional forces of the surrounding muscles and tissues.

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To examine the relationship between recommendations of clinical experts and data from clinical research on occlusal adjustment in periodontal therapy, medical literature database and textbooks search had been performed. Four intervention trials to investigate the effect of occlusal adjustment were found in MEDLINE. There was not intervention trials in Japana Centra Revuo Medicina. In contrast, 42 of 58 textbooks of periodontology had description on occlusal adjustment. Discrepancies were detected between clinical research data and textbook descriptions regarding occlusal adjustment in periodontal therapy.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between systemic symptom and gravity fluctuation. Ten volunteers were recorded systemic symptom and measured gravity fluctuation. Each condition such as general symptom, posture or facial shift, and temporomandibular joint or occlusion. was recorded as the score. The area of gravity fluctuation was measured by using the gravity fluctuation analysing system. There is not significant correlation but the tendency of positive correlation between the area of gravity fluctuation and each three categories. These results suggested that the improvement of systemic symptom brings the reduction of the gravity fluctuation.

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The application of electrolyzed acid water has been increasing for sterilization in clinical dentistry because of its excellent bactericidal activity. In the present study, the questionnaire was performed to practitioners in 2000 and 2002 in order to investigate the aspects of usage of the electrolyzed water in private dental offices. From the results of the questionnaire in 2000, 6 and 2 offices out of 27 repliers used electrolyzed strong and weak acid waters respectively, and one office used both types. From the results of the newest questionnaire performed in 2002, 3, 4 and 3 offices out of 24 repliers used electrolyzed strong acid, weak acid and neutral waters, respectively. For these 2 years, 2 offices started to use the electrolyzed water. One office changed strong acid type into neutral type.

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A radicular cyst of 36 was diagnosed in a 19-years-old female. The pulp reaction of 35 and 37 was negative at the first examination. Root canal treatment of 36 was done for 14 weeks. The size of radicular cyst was confirmed with a marked improvement by panoramic tomography 4 months later after the root canal filling. Also, pulp reaction of 35 and 37 were recoveried 2 weeks later after the root canal treatment of 36. The improvement of radicular cyst and pulp reaction of adjacent teeth which was once diagnosed to be non-vital teeth could be obtained by the endodontic treatment without a surgery.

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515 new-patients who visited the Temporomandibular Disorders Clinic of Kyushu Dental College Hospital from July 5th, 1999 to the end of March, 2002, were evaluated their gender, age, residential area, chief complaint, type of disorders, treatment. The number of patients tended to increase year by year. Ratio of mail to female was 1:2.84. Fukuoka Prefecture abounded in the residential area. Many of them had pain with temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle. They were treated mainly by splint therapy, medication, and prosthesis including occlusal adjustments.

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To search the medical record stored on the database in Kyushu Dental College Hospital Information System, the new retrieval tool was introduced for the feedback on education and clinical research. It was difficult to search specific medical records from all of the regular medical record sheets. But the utilization of medical record serves great advantages for epidemiologic or other studies. We developed this retrieval tool to search the medical records from Dental Hospital Information System in a easy manner. We present samples of retrieved certain medical records with the use of this new tool.

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The purpose of this investigation is to explain the problem of the difference in information related to the oral hygiene of the city part and the county part targeting the infant’s guardians. An A health insurance association is in the county part in Oita Prefecture, and Ando dental clinic is in the city part. Questinnaire investigation was done targeting the 863 totals of the guardians of the infant who came in the guardians of the infant who belongs to the A health insurance association and Ando dental clinic for the treatment. The contents of the questionnaire were related to brushing, between-meal snacks and fluorine application. There was no difference between the number of times of brushing, the time, and the difference was recognized as that result in olny childs brushing one’s teeth, the between-meal snacks limitation, fluorine application experience. The difference in degree of understanding related to the guardian’s oral hygiene like this in the city part and the county part was recognized.

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It is important for elderly people to cope with dry mouth problem for the purpose of improving the quality of life. But there is no index to evaluate the dry mouth concerning saliva from a physical point of view. NEVA METER is the invention as new equipment of viscous activity is one of the salivary physical properties. In the present study, we examined surroundings (temperature, humidity, wind velocity, slant, and amount of sample) may influence on the measurement to apply NEVA METER for practical use in dental clinic. In result, we confirm that there is not an obstacle to utilize NEVA METER in general dental clinic.

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Clinical statistical studies were performed on new 4950 patients who visited the First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental College Hospital, from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2001. Observations were performed and documented according to month, age, sex, route of referral and clinical diagnosis. March had the highest number of new patients. There were many woman representing all age groups. For clinical diagnosis, there were noted tooth related disease (45.0%), inflammation (10.2%) TMJ disease (11.6%), a cyst (5.2%), malformation and transformation (4.4%), an injury (3.6%), salivary gland disease (3.2%), benign tumor (3.0%), disease of mucosa (2.7%), disease of nerve (1.4%) and malignant tumor (1.2%) of the patients.

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