Honyurui Kagaku (Mammalian Science)
Online ISSN : 1881-526X
Print ISSN : 0385-437X
ISSN-L : 0385-437X
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Volume 44, Issue 1
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Original Article
  • Mass capturing Sika deer with a corral trap
    Hiroshi Takahashi, Koichi Kaji, Junpei Tanaka, Makoto Asano, Manabu On ...
    2004 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 1-15
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 09, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.44.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A total of 269 sika deer (Cervus nippon) were captured with a corral trap in six trials for a management program and research in March and April 2001-2003 on Nakanoshima Island in Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan. The trap (361m in circumference) composed of funnel-shaped corral with wire net, J-shaped pen and darkroom with plywood. Captured deer were driven into the pen and the darkroom, and immobilized with xylazine-ketamine or medetomidine-ketamine mixture using dart guns and blowpipes. Total mortality rate was 14.0% (24/171) except for 98 translocated deer. Adult males and fawns were more susceptible to mortality than adult females and yearlings (p<0.05). Occurrence of mortalities and injuries were strongly correlated with the number of deer captured at one time (118 deer in maximum, p<0.05) and of antlered males driven into the pen (p<0.01). To reduce the mortality, it is necessary that handlers control the density of antlered males within the pen, quickly immobilize them and shorten the processing time. Person-hours per deer captured was 3.9 for baiting and trapping and 6.1 for handling. Since safety in using this trap can be improved, corral trap would be an efficient mass capture method for sika deer under the guidance of experienced persons.
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  • Morphological differentiation of island populations of Japanese white-toothed shrews, Crocidura dsinezumi
    Yasushi Takada, Yasushi Uematsu, Eiichi Sakai, Takashi Tateishi
    2004 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 17-24
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 09, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.44.17
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Morphological variation was examined in seven populations of Japanese white-toothed shrews, Crocidura dsinezumi, from three islands of Izu (Toshima, Niijima, Shikinejima), Sakushima island, Aichi (Nagoya and Kasugai), and two islands of Oki (Dogo and Nishinoshima). Uni- and multi-variate analyses (PCA, CDA) were conducted on the basis of mandible measurements. The shrews of Shikinejima showed no significant divergence from those of Niijima, and they formed a cluster with those of Toshima. The shrews of Sakushima, Aichi, and two islands of Oki formed another cluster, as differences between those from Sakushima and Aichi were small. Morphological divergence in shrews was very small within the Izu Islands, between Sakushima and Aichi, or between the islands of Oki, in contrast to house mice (Mus musculus) from the Izu Islands and Sakushima (Takada et al., 1994, 1999). The shrews on the Izu Islands and Sakushima seem to have been introduced by humans.
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  • The use of orchards and abandoned orchard by wild boars in Yamanashi
    Hironori Ueda, Zhaowen Jiang
    2004 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 25-33
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 09, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.44.25
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The number and the distribution area of wild boar (Sus scrofa) has increased especially in mountainous regions, causing serious agricultural damage in Japan. In these areas, wild boar frequently use agricultural and abandoned fields. However, little information is available about their use of these fields. We set automatic cameras at one abandoned orchard and two orchards (peach and peach/plum orchards) to check the use of these fields by wild boar in Ichinomiya, Yamanashi, Japan, from June to December 2001. The branches of plum and peach were broken when wild boar ate fruits from these trees from June to August. They frequently visited abandoned orchard during this same period, and peach and peach/plum orchards in August when the fruits had ripened. They used abandoned orchard more intensively than peach and peach/plum orchards. It may be because food and cover are available and human disturbance is lower in abandoned orchard. Wild boar visited all three sites most frequently from 19:00 to 22:00. Few of them were recorded before sunset and after sunrise. This is probably because the wild boars try to avoid human contact.
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  • An anatomical study of the brachial plexus in the mungoose, Herpestes javanicus, with special reference to the dorso-ventral division of the suprascapularis nerve
    Sayaka Yoshitomi, Tomokazu Kawashima, Hiroshi Sasaki
    2004 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 35-46
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 09, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.44.35
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Five forelimbs of four mungooses were dissected to study the precise form of the brachial plexus, to clarify the structural characteristics of the brachial plexus in phylogeny, and to decide the dorso-ventral division of the suprascapularis nerve. The following results were obtained:
    1. Although the brachial plexus was composed of C5-T1, the main portion of all brachial plexus were C7-T1 because C5-6 were only connected by a thin branch.
    2. The supraspinatus muscle extended not only to the lateral (dorsal) but also the medial (ventral) aspects of the scapula in all cases.
    3. In 2 of 5 cases, the supraspinatus muscle originated from the cranial portion of the supraspinatus fossa in addition to the ordinary origin.
    4. The suprascapularis nerve which innervated the supra- and infraspinatus muscles was bifurcated from the central region of C6.
    Consequently, the suprascapularis nerve of the mungoose included both of the ventral and dorsal division of the spinal components. These results show the possibility that the human suprascapularis nerve may include both divisions.
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Report
  • Distribution of small mammals and fluctuation of their trap success in the Oze District, northeastern Honshu, Japan
    Takashi Tateishi
    2004 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 47-57
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: April 09, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.44.47
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Fauna of small mammals was investigated on fourteen sites of the Oze district bordering Niigata, Fukushima and Gunma Prefectures in northeastern Honshu, Japan. Surveys were conducted from August 1985 to July 1999, and carried out from early July to early August of each year. Small mammals were captured using small snap traps (Panchu, PMP size) through montane broad-leaved deciduous forest zone (alt. 1,000m) to subalpine coniferous forest zone (alt. 1,900m). By 16,800 trap nights in total, small mammals collected were one species of Insectivora (Urotrichus talpoides 22) and five species of Rodentia (Eothenomys andersoni 7, E. smithii 92, Microtus montebelli 17, Apodemus argenteus 564 and A. speciosus 669). 1,371 small mammals in total was obtained and trap success was 8.2%. All the U. talpoides were collected in areas of alt. under 1,600m but the total capturing rate of this species was remarkably low. Further, totally seven individuals of E. andersoni were captured through the trapping surveys. Of them, six individuals were obtained in areas of alt. over 1,500m besides in the north side of the Ozegahara-Ozenuma line. In addition, all the specimens of E. smithii were collected in areas of alt. under 1,600m. On the basis of the collection data, E. smithii were captured equally in total number between the north on south sides of Ozegahara-Ozenuma line, 50 individuals and 42 ones, respectively. Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus were dominant compared with other species throughout most of the study areas. Trap success of A. argenteus was significant at lower areas of montane broad-leaved deciduous forest zone (alt. 1,000-1,300m) than at the upper areas (alt. 1,300-1,600m). On the other hand, trap success of A. speciosus was not significantly different between the two areas. Annual changes of trap success of A. argenteus were relatively lower, but those of A. speciosus were higher. Trap success of A. speciosus was highest in the year of 1985 and 1994 in all survey areas. The high trap success was attributable to the masting of beechnut carried out in the last year.
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Series: Methods and techniques for studying carnivores (Carnivora) in Japan
Reports of the Public Symposium of the MSJ Annual Meeting
Book Review
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