Honyurui Kagaku (Mammalian Science)
Online ISSN : 1881-526X
Print ISSN : 0385-437X
ISSN-L : 0385-437X
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Volume 49, Issue 2
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • Food habitat of wild boars in Kami-Kamagari Island in Hiroshima
    Yuki Koba, Mika Sakaguchi, Rika Muraoka, Taketo Obitsu, Hajime Tanida
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 207-215
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.207
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    We examined 268 wild boar (Sus scrofa) stomachs collected from July 2003 to November 2006 in Kami-Kamagari Island, Hiroshima Prefecture. Vegetable matter contained agricultural crops such as citrus fruits, sweet potatoes, rice, and maize as well as wild plants such as acorns and green plant matter. Animal matter found included myriapods, insects, mollusks, gastropods, reptiles, birds and mammals. When large amount of citrus fruit were found in stomach contents, a low amount of acorns was observed and vice versa. From July to December, the average water percentage in the stomach was 73.3%. Water percentage in July and August was higher than other months. The average crude protein percentage in stomach was about 18%, which is higher than commercial pig feed. Urea and ammonia were detected in the gastric contents of a wild boar. This suggests the possibility that the Lactobacillus with urease activity exists in the stomach.
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  • Parentage analysis revealed the solitary life of an orphaned black bear cub (Ursus thibetanus)
    Reina Uno, Hideo Higashi, Hidetoshi B. Tamate
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 217-223
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.217
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    In the midwinter of 2007, a yearling Asian black bear cub (Ursus thibetanus) invaded a house and was captured in Yamagata prefecture. With 10 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial D-loop region as genetic markers, the mother of the cub was sought among bears harvested by nuisance control in the study area. Genetic data suggest that the mother of the cub had been killed in October 2006. This result indicates that the cub lived alone for at least 110 days in the cold winter without its mother.
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  • Structure of nursery colonies and reproductive traits of the Japanese long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus sacrimontis
    Satoko Yoshikura, Koichi Murata, Takashi Miyake, Makoto Ishihara, Yuzo ...
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 225-235
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.225
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    This study aimed to describe the nursery colony structure of the Japanese long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus sacrimontis. We investigated four colonies over five years by the banding-recapture method in Shizuoka and Yamanashi Prefectures, central Japan. We analyzed yearly changes in colony composition and size, sex ratio, roost fidelity and age of first pup-birth. Colonies were composed of 7–33 individuals, mainly mothers, immature females, and infants of both sexes, although a few adult males were also found in these colonies. The mean sex ratio (male:female ratio) of infants was 0.54, while that of adults was 0.01. Roost fidelity differed remarkably between males (3.6%) and females (54.5%). Most banded infant males did not return to their natal colony. On the other hand, return rates of banded infant females were 78.9%, 16.7%, 63.6% and 0%. Females had their first young when they were one or two years old.
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  • Occurrence of deer barking damage to young and middle-aged sugi and hinoki cypress, and characteristics of feeding scars
    Akira Sano
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 237-243
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.237
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    From November 2006 to February 2009, seasonality in occurrence of bark-stripping by sika deer (Cervus nippon), and external characters of damage traces were investigated in 31 young and middle-aged sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations in Mie Prefecture, central Japan. Of 381 cases of debarking, 99.7% and 0.3% were due to bark-feeding and fraying, respectively. Most of the bark-feeding damage occurred during the tree-growing season (March–August), but damage in the non-growing season (November–February) was found in only two plantations of over 750 m above sea level. In the tree-growing season, outerbark and innerbark were taken off together and thick innerbark was eaten. The exposed surface of the xylem was usually smooth, 73.3% of damaged trees were without teeth-marks. In trees debarked in the non-growing season, the outerbark was stripped off, and many teeth-marks were found on the filmy innerbark adhering to the xylem. Bark-feeding damage in the tree-growing and non-growing seasons were definitely distinguished from each other, and the viewpoint that debarking without teeth-marks was caused by fraying was erroneous.
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  • Studies on the ecology and roosting behavior of Ussuri tube-nosed bat, Murina ussuriensis, based on the use of dead-leaf Mallotus japonicus traps
    Kimitake Funakoshi, Kenta Nagaoka, Kohei Takeyama, Madoka Indou
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 245-256
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.245
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    Reproductive ecology and roosting behavior of Murina ussuriensis were examined using dead-leaf Mallotus japonicus traps and radio transmitters in the warm-temperate forests in the Kyushu, Japan. Rates of capture varied between 6 to 19%, with a maximum rate of 36% on 9 October. Traps were mainly used by solitary males in non-reproductive seasons, whereas they were frequently used by females in the breeding season in July. Males frequently changed their roosts on the basis of radio-tracking and trapping methods. Parturition occurred in early June in the south of Kyushu, and about one month earlier than in Hiroshima Prefecture. Maternity colonies consisting of a few lactating females and young formed in summer. In mid-July, some of the young were weaned from their mothers and solitarily roosted. Not only males but also females roosted individually from August to October. However, their home ranges overlapped. Copulation may occur in October. One radio-tagged male roosted in a dead fallen tree in autumn. The dead-leaf M. japonicus traps were a very useful tool for investigating reproductive ecology and social structure of M. ussuriensis.
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Short Communications
  • Possible expansion of Japanese black bear distribution in the southern part of the Abukuma Mts. (Ibaraki, Fukushima and Tochigi Prefectures), central part of Japan
    Koji Yamazaki, Osamu Inaba
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 257-261
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.257
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    In recent years, expansion of Japanese black bear distribution has been confirmed in various parts of Honshu Island, particularly in the Tohoku region in Japan. The Abukuma Mts. is also not exceptional, with new distribution areas reported in their north. In this paper, we collected 14 cases of sighting and indirect information of bears in the southern Abukuma Mts. Because the data included a mother-cubs sighting and roadkill of a cub, we were suspicious that the bears have already become resident in the southern Abukuma Mts. Since bears have not occurred in the area over the last few decades, we urgently need to investigate the present status of the bear population in the Abukuma Mts., and should establish a range management plan with the consensus of the local people.
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  • Seasonal variation in the number of kuril harbour seals (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) at Hamanaka, Hokkaido, Japan
    Kei Fujii, Yumi Kobayashi, Jun Chishima, Yukiko Watanabe, Ichiro Hazey ...
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 263-268
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.263
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    Since the 1980s, the number of kuril harbour seals (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) hauled out in eastern Hokkaido has been believed to be low from autumn to winter; this number increases through the breeding season in May and June and then peaks in the molting season in July and August. However, yearlong investigations have revealed that this pattern does not apply to Hamanaka A (a haul-out site at Hamanaka, eastern Hokkaido). The number of kuril harbour seals at Hamanaka A varies with season. It is low in the breeding season; increases through the molting season and autumn, i.e., September through November; decreases in winter, i.e., December through February; and increases in the pre-breeding season in March and April. These variations in the number of kuril harbor seals hauled out at Hamanaka A differed from those previously reported.
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  • External morphometry of captive Canadian river otter (Lontra canadensis): comparison of body proportions between a neonate and adults
    Masashi Kiyota, Naoki Yoshikawa, Yutaka Ohno, Kaoru Kohyama, Masayuki ...
    2009 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 269-275
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 14, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.49.269
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Based on external morphometry of Canadian river otters (Lontra canadensis) kept in Hakone-en aquarium, proportions of body parts relative to body lengths were compared between five adults and one neonate. Proportions of head, mouth and anterior body of the neonate were larger than those of the adults. Forepaw, hind limb and tail were relatively smaller in the neonate than in the adults. The Canadian river otter showed different patterns from the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) in the development of body parts relevant to swimming: hind limb and tail proportions in the sea otter were similar between adult and young, and young sea otters had relatively large forepaws compared to adults. However, the forepaw, hind limb, and tail were relatively smaller in the river otter neonate than in the adults. Variation in the developmental patterns of the limb and tail can be explained by the necessity of locomotion in precocial and altricial young of these species in their early life stages.
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Report
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From Taipei 2009 to Asia
Reports on the International Conference
Cordial thanks to Dr. Nagahisa Kuroda
Postscript of edit on The Wild Mammals of Japan
Book Review
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