Honyurui Kagaku (Mammalian Science)
Online ISSN : 1881-526X
Print ISSN : 0385-437X
ISSN-L : 0385-437X
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Volume 42, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Review
  • A list of scientific names and the types of mammals published by Japanese researchers
    Yukibumi Kaneko, Kishio Maeda
    2002 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 1-21
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.42.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Given that the type specimen for a scientific name provides the objective standard of reference in taxonomic studies, the preservation of the type specimen remains the most fundamental method for proving or discovering facts thereafter. Since the Meiji Era in Japan, however, no attempt has been made to establish a Japanese National Museum of Natural History in order to maintain the type and other specimens and taxonomic literature (see Kaneko, 1998). A few institutions have published lists of the type specimens concerned (Kuroda, 1966; Endo, 1997, 1997, 1998, 2000), but no list of all scientific names and type specimens of mammals described by Japanese researchers is available, except for Imaizumi (1962), who published a list on the three orders of Insectivora, Chiroptera, and Primates up till 1950. In order to improve this situation in Japan, the authors have compiled a list of scientific names and the type specimens of mammals published by Japanese researchers until 2000. We have referred to all the original literature except for one case (*). New scientific names published are arranged in the order of the date of publication in the following mammalian orders: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Primates, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora, and Artiodactyla. A name which is unavailable is noted as "nom. nud.", this being one which does not satisfy Articles 10-20 in the "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th ed.)" published in 2000. "N.V." indicates that the current condition of the preservation of the specimens is unknown. As a result of this investigation, Japanese mammalogists have described 206 scientific names as new species or subspecies, as well as 60 unavailable names (Table1). Sixty-four type specimens (31.1%) have been preserved in various institutions. Fifty-seven type specimens (27.7%) have been lost or destroyed. There are 85 type specimens (41.3%) the whereabouts of which remain unclear. This situation is clearly inadequate for zoological studies, suggesting a need for the establishment of a new Japanese National Museum of Natural History.
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  • Present status and subjects of estimation methods of Japanese hare (Lepus brachyurus) density
    Hitoho Yatake, Makoto Nashimoto, Koji Shimano, Rikyu Matuki, Saiko Shi ...
    2002 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 23-34
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.42.23
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Original Article
  • Analysis of causes of bark stripping by the Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)
    Yutaka Yoshida, Susumu Hayashi, Midori Horiuchi, Toshio Tsubota, Tetsu ...
    2002 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 35-43
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.42.35
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    In order to analyze the cause of bark stripping by Japanese black bears and to develop effective methods to prevent this damage, we examined food habits and body condition of the bear from 1998 to 2000 in Neo Village, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Fecal analysis indicated that more conifer sapwood was consumed in 1999 and 2000 than in 1998. In contrast, a percentage of Gray's bird cherries (Prunus grayana) by dry weight was lower in 1999 and 2000 than in 1998. The dietary condition of bears expressed by serum urea nitrogen concentrations and blood hemoglobin concentrations in 1999 and 2000 was worse than that in 1998. These results suggest that the damage tends to happen when food production and nutritional availability in the stands is poor. If there is more food for the bears to consume, the damage in the stands should be lighter. Vegetation similar to that of the forest edge, where heliophytes grow, may be desirable. By diversifying the forest composition, introducing herbaceous plants that require more sunlight on forest floor through use of a regeneration management prescription, and actively growing preferred Japanese black bear foods in the forest environment, it may be possible to prevent bark stripping damage to plantation trees.
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  • Improvements of the Alpine Capture Systems Cloth Trap for capturing deer
    Hiroshi Takahashi, Koichi Kaji, Mitsuo Yoshida, Hifumi Tsuruga, Toshio ...
    2002 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 45-51
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.42.45
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    A total of 143 sika deer was captured using the Alpine Capture Systems cloth trap (Alpine Deer Group Ltd., New Zealand) on Nakanoshima Island, Hokkaido, between March 1992 and February 2000. When we changed the trigger type of the trap from a hand-pulled single trigger to remote-controlled double triggers, number of deer that escape from the trap decreased due to reduction of wariness among the deer and reduction in the lapse time to close the trap. The capturing efficiency of the trap improved from about 1.1 to 3.5 deer per trial.
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  • Food habits of the feral small Asian Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) and impacts on native species in the northern part of Okinawa Island
    Go Ogura, Takeshi Sasaki, Masanao Toyama, Kenji Takehara, Manabu Nakac ...
    2002 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 53-62
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.42.53
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    The diet of the small Asian mongoose, Herpestes javanicus, was studied by analyzing the contents in the digestive tracts of 83mongooses caught in the northern part of Okinawa Island. Among all taxons, insects had the highest frequency of occurrence and highest mean dry weight (71%, 88mg) in the hoods; reptiles (18%, 27mg), oligochaetes and mollusks (12%, 33mg) were also highly represented. The analysis showed that the mongooses preyed on a wide variety of avians, mammals, amphibians and arthropods. Correcting for the body weights of individual preys suggests that the mongooses consumed avians, mammals, reptiles and insects in equal proportions. However, considering the population and reproductive capability of each of these taxons in the habitat, it can be concluded that reptiles may be the most vulnerable taxon on the island. Furthermore, it was ascertained that the mongooses preyed upon endangered, endemic native species. It is obvious that the native species that inhabited the northern part of Okinawa dwindled in population and eventually were made extinct by the mongoose. If we execute the extirpation plan immediately, it is probable that the worst scenario in the conservation of the ecosystem on Okinawa Island can be avoided.
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Report
  • Reproductive activity of the Japanese long-tailed field mouse (Apodemus argenteus) on Mt. Kumotori, Chichibu Mountains
    Takashi Tateishi
    2002 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 63-69
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.42.63
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    Reproductive activity of the Japanese long-tailed field mouse (Apodemus argenteus) was studied in northern and southern parts of woodland at 1,000-2,018m in alt. on Mt. Kumotori, Chichibu Mountains. Trappings were done at Sites I (1,000-1,400m in alt.), II (1,400-1,750m in alt.) and III (1,750-2,018-1,700m in alt.). Males with the length of the major axis of testis and seminal vesicle at 8.5mm and more had sperms in the caudal epididymis. The majority of these males weighed over 14.0g, hence males over this weight class were regarded as adults. Females who had perforated vaginas, were pregnant, and/or lactating, and weighed over 12.0g were regarded as adults. Reproduction took place between spring and autumn at each site. In regions of low altitude, sitesI and II, however, reproductive activity tended to decrease in summer. The mean embryo count was 4.00 through the year. No significant difference was recognized in the mean embryo count among the sites. From Hokkaido to Kyushu, the regional variation of the embryos per dam was small. Some females delivered twice during each breeding season.
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  • Bat fauna in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
    Yoshiyuki Kimura, Miki Tanji, Yoji Sato, Kota Otsuki, Noriko Watanabe, ...
    2002 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 71-77
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11238/mammalianscience.42.71
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    The Bat fauna was studied from August 1999 to December 2000 at 37 sites in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The following 11 species of bats were found at 21 sites: Rhinolophus cornutus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis fujiensis, Myotis macrodactylus, Pipistrellus abramus, Eptesicus japonensis, Vespertilio superans, Barbastella leucomelas, Plecotus auritus, Murina silvatica and Murina hilgendorfi. In particular, E. japonensis and B. leucomelas were newly recorded in Fukushima Prefecture.
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Appeal
Short Reports of the Symposium of the MSJ Annual Meeting
Series: Power of Morphology
Book Review
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