抄録全体を表示

The variational quantity of principal refractive index and the birefringence of polymers during the creep under a constant stress and at a constant temperature were investigated in the temperature range from -100°C to 120°C using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and photoelectric method. In the present study, it can be found that the birefringence N of polymers consists of two components with the sign of positive or negative. Namely, two components are the instantaneous birefringence NE which appears in the moment after loading and the delayed birefringence NR which appears as loading by. It is understood that NE is due to the perfect elasticity in the moment after loading and NR originated with the retarded elasticity. Thus, birefringence behaviors of polymers are classified into four types of properties by combinations of signs. These classified properties are as follows. Types 1: NE +, NR +, N=NE+NR +, Types 2: NE +, NR -, N=NE+NR +→0→- (as loading by), Types 3: NE -, NR +, N=NE+NR -→0→+ (as loading by), Types 4: NE -, NR -, N=NE+NR -, (+: positive, -: negative). Moreover, visco-elasto-plastic stresses and strains in polymers and aluminum metal plates were analyzed with relations among loading time, birefringence, stress and strain which were obtained from tensile creep testings for birefringences and strains of these materials.

抄録全体を表示

To achieve a comfortable speech interaction with a computer, it is expected that the computer can speak to us with human emotions and can recognize our feeling from our speech. In this paper, we ascertain physical features included in our conversation. We focus on the most three major emotions of the basic emotion and collect speech samples of each emotion. The speech signals with these emotions are compared with those which have no emotion by perceptual experiments, and are analyzed for their physical features. Furthermore, we perform a discriminant analysis with four discriminative predictors which indicate quantitative features of the emotions in the speech signals. Our analysis effectively shows features of the speech signals with the emotions: ‘surprise’, ‘sorrow’ and ‘joy’.

抄録全体を表示

ハナバチが効率よく採餌を行うためには報酬の少ない花を避けることが重要である．そのため直前に採餌された花を回避する方法として，自個体もしくは同種他個体によって残された匂いのマークを利用することが知られている．これまでの実験で3分前に自個体もしくは同種他個体が採餌した花に対して忌避行動を示したウツギヒメハナバチ，アカガネコハナバチ，ミツクリヒゲナガハナバチの3種を用いて，一度採餌された花に対してどのくらいの時間が経てば再訪花するのかに関する野外調査を行った．どのハナバチも時間経過とともに忌避率は減少する傾向を示した．花から花蜜・花粉のいずれかを除去した場合，ウツギのスペシャリストであるウツギヒメハナバチは花粉を除去すると忌避率が増加したが，アカガネコハナバチはヒメジョオンでは花粉除去の場合に，キツネノマゴでは花蜜除去の場合に忌避率が増加した．ミツクリヒゲナガハナバチは花蜜を除去した場合に忌避率が増加した．そこで採餌されたキツネノマゴとヤマハギの花に花蜜を充填して提示したが忌避率は低下しなかった．また3種の花で再充填率を測定した結果，ウツギは60分後にわずかに回復したのみで，キツネノマゴ，ヤマハギでは蜜の回復は見られなかった．これらの結果からハナバチは単に花蜜の減少に反応しているわけではなく，前に採餌をした個体の残した何らかのマークを認識しており，それは揮発性の物質であることが示唆された．

抄録全体を表示

In normal mode analysis, the unstable mode grows as an exponential function of time, and the stable mode oscillates as a trigonometric function of time. At a critical point of the relevant parameter space, the mode becomes marginally unstable. The marginally unstable mode is a degenerate mode of growing and decaying modes, as shown by Xu (2007) in the symmetric instability. In this note, we examine marginally unstable modes of gravitational, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. As in the case of symmetric instability, the marginally unstable modes grow as a linear function of time. In the case of gravitational instability, the linear growth of the marginally unstable mode is rather trivial. On the other hand, in the cases of barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, the linear growth is not trivial, and can be qualitatively explained in terms of the PV thinking.

抄録全体を表示

  We propose a new approach to obtain the solutions of HJB equations. Firstly, based on a simple but unique idea, we transform the conventional HJB equations into the virtual-time HJB equations (VT-HJB). As the virtual by, the solution of the VT-HJB equations becomes that of the conventional ones. Then, we solve the VT-HJB equations with respect to the virtual time by means of existing differential equation solvers. Lastly, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through numeric experiments with linear and nonlinear control problems.

抄録全体を表示

24 patients operated by partial laminectomy and 22 patients operated by wide laminectomy, with out fusion, were compared. There were no difference between partial laminectomy and wide laminectomy about subjective symptom, ADL, return to the work and satisfaction. But in wide laminectomy, instability after operation increased as on and as degrees of lumbago.

抄録全体を表示

The Fujii family is a carpenters who has performed active construction activities for the Hamochi region in southern part of Sado Island at the base from the early stages of Edo to the early stages of Showa. This paper considers the carved ornament and the technique of the bracket complex for 20 works among existing the works of the Fujii family. Unlike a general chronological index, even if a down, the carved ornaments shows an old form and the depth and width of carving do not change a lot. Moreover, in the bracket complex, a peculiar technique of joining a component by Yatoihozo joint is seen, and it can classify into two forms of what used Yatoihozo joint for the Odaruki, and the thing used for Tesaki-Hijiki. As explained above, the Fujii family can be positioned as a carpenter group with very peculiar technology.

抄録全体を表示

We discuss the methodology diversity for diagnosis reasoning in an autonomous operation system, and propose a new diagnosis method using an alarm annunciation system. The combination of annunciated alarms is expected to be peculiar to the anomalous phenomenon or accident. Moreover, as the state of affairs is developing, each appearance of the pattern is changing with time peculiarly to each anomaly or accident. The matter is utilized for the new diagnosis method. The patterns of annunciated alarms with progress of the events are prepared in advance under the condition of the anomalies or accidents by use of a plant simulator. The diagnostic reasoning can be done by comparing the obtained combination of annunciated alarms with the reference templates by using pattern matching method. On the other hand, we have another method, called COBWEB used for conceptual classification in cognitive science, to reason for diagnosis. We have carried out the experiments using the loop type LMFBR plant simulator to obtain the various combinations of annunciated alarms with progress of the events under the conditions of anomalies and accidents. The examined cases were related to the anomalies and accidents in the water/steam system of the LMFBR power plant. The simulation examination showed that each change of the pattern of annunciated alarms is specific to each anomaly or accident, and we have applied the pattern matching technique and COBWEB methods into the diagnostic reasoning using annunciated alarms. We could show the capability of these two methods to reason and focus among various candidates of causes of anomalies with gradually improved conviction degree as time passes from the occurrence of anomalies. It was also confirmed that these methods are effective in diagnosis reasoning as a way the operators are doing the diagnosis reasoning in existing plants.

抄録全体を表示

Decision Tree Algorithm Improved with a Time-weighted Entropy

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this paper is to argue for a temporal-order interpretation system in a complex sentence. A complex sentence has at least two or more temporal denotations. If a complex sentence has two temporal denotations because of its two clauses, the system may show the temporal order of events described in the clauses.
Mihara (1991, 1992) has proposed TENSE PERSPECTIVE, taking up the position that both English and Japanese have only two tenses: past tense and non-past tense. According to the principle, the two events which have an identical temporal denotation in a complex sentence are viewed, on the one hand, from a speaker's viewpoint: the time of utterance. Therefore, the denotations in clauses do not reflect the temporal order of events. The order must be settled pragmatically. On the other hand, in a complex sentence with different temporal denotations, its subclause event is viewed from the viewpoint of a main clause subject: the time of its main clause. (The temporal denotation of its main clause is, of course, fixed from a speaker's viewpoint.)
However, the dichotomy between the same temporal denotation and a different one does not work in some cases. For the settlement of the temporal order of events described in a complex sentence, we need a different principle: the principle of discourse interpretation. Discourse information about a complex sentence is inevitable for us to settle the temporal order of events. This principle covers such information, and it reveals the following points: (a) each clause has its own viewpoint from which its temporal denotation is fixed, (b) the viewpoint must precede the clause so that we may get discourse information, and (c) it need not exist in the same sentence.

抄録全体を表示

Simulation of rock behaviour going back to the past is proposed in this paper. Usually computer simulation is carried out solving partial differential equations as by, that is, starting at tA and ending at tB with tA < tB. In the proposed method, computer simulation is performed from tB to tA. Analytical consideration may suggests that solution ascending time is similarly possible as that descending time. Numerical solution ascending time, however, has some difficulties because information of initial state is gradually dispersing as by, therefore, very small difference of initial values at tB results in very large difference of solutions at tA. The difficulties in numerical simulation are discussed in this paper. For demonstrating and evaluating the feature of the proposed method, relaxation of rock stress is selected as an example case. A selected site is peripheral of Beijing, China where 100 million years ago a large rock mass was intruded and considered to cause large rock stress around the site. Supposing that rock stress continuously relaxed up to the present, a simulation back to the past is carried out obtaining material constants, then, simulation on to the future starting at the present is also carried out to estimate the creep strain after 10 thousand years. In the proposed method, only a model at the present is necessary. In the conventional simulation, however, requires modeling at the past which is considered to be more difficult and time consuming than modeling at the present. As stated in this paper, the proposed method has some difficulty in numerical solution, however, we considered this method is one of the promising methods to examine the long-term rock behaviour.

抄録全体を表示

The minimal control synthesis (MCS) algorithm is a simplified adaptive control strategy, since no prior knowledge of plant dynamic parameters is required. Furthermore it is suitable when a small sampling is required, because of the reduction of on-line calculation. The purpose of this paper is to present implementation results of MCS algorithm on a position control system of a pneumatic horizontal and vertical cylinder using proportional control valves. Introducing friction compensation with switching technique, two kinds of MCS controller are tested in experiment and the results are compared with the conventional PI controller. In order to investigate the robustness of the MCS algorithm, the supply air pressure is changed during the experiment and the disturbance force is also exerted on the piston. The experimental results reveal the good adaptation and robustness of the MCS algorithm.

抄録全体を表示

A model is given for the evolution of a heterogeneous population of identical living particles, divided into different classes. The model is dynamic, since the partition of the population changes as the on. The aim of this paper is to determine the law of the lifetime of each particle given the number of dead particles up to time t. This program is achieved by introducing the occupancy numbers, which are defined as the cardinality of each class. Assuming that the partition is non-observable, a filtering problem arises and the observation coincides with the cardinality of the class of dead particles. A discussion is performed about discrete time approximations of the filter.

抄録全体を表示

When a gel undergoes an extensive swelling, a beautiful, regular pattern appears on the gel surface. At the beginning the pattern is extremely fine and has a texture similar to a frosted glass. As on, the pattern units coalesce, doubling their characteristic length. When the unit size becomes comparable to the size of the gel, the pattern gradually disappears. Finally the entire gel regains a homoneneous shape. The pattern formation and evolution can be understood in terms of mechanlical instability of the swollenl layer on the gel surface induced by a large lateral compression.

抄録全体を表示