Abstract
This study examines the meaning of “shasei (sketching)” education, and its relation to “ringa (copying)” education, based on 22 reports using the term “shasei” from the Elementary Schools Associationʼs Subject Research Conference in Nagano Prefecture for Drawing and Handicrafts Education, held by the Nagano Prefectural Normal School in 1915. The results of this study are as follows. First, most teachers insist on the necessity and significance of a shasei education. Second, there is a range in the understanding of shasei between mere objective form depiction and allowing subjectivity and individuality to be expressed. Third, many teachers consider that the purpose of ringa is basic training for shasei, which is changed by the purpose of a shasei education. Fourth, some teachers argue that ringa education comprises problems and should be eliminated.
https://ror.org/0244rem06 
