現代アフリカにおける国家と市場

資源配分システムと小農発展政策の観点から

抄録

This paper aims to clarify theoretically inter-relationship between the uniqueness of resource allocation systems and stagnant industrial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper also tries to propose appropriate and effective policies of African governments for the purpose of promoting production especially that of small farmers, the solely important key actors in African development. In the past development strategies based on either “the state” or market economy have not been successful in initiating the process of sustainable industrial development due partly to their inadequate understanding of resource allocation mechanisms on the basis of either the state or market economy in the African unique context. In African countries where market economy system is underdeveloped, efficient resource allocation according to productivity among industrial sectors has been difficult to be materialized. The African state's resource allocation should have been directed toward the small farmer sector since it is crucially important in bringing about dynamic process of industrial development in view of inducement of technical innovation in this mainstay of African economies and socio-political stability with equity. However, if compared with East Asian states, African counterparts' functions have been strikingly insufficient. This fact is very much related to socio-political influence and decision making mechanism of small farmers and regional and ethnic biases in the state resource allocation in Africa. Taking Kenya's experience of success and failure in promoting small farmers' production into consideration, the paper finally proposes regionally well-focused and gradually spreading initiatives of the state's small farmer policy.