2025 Volume 90 Issue 830 Pages 765-776
This study aimed to accumulate knowledge on balancing the conservation of historical landscapes with urban development in five cities with open ports. The analysis clarified the following three points. First, the five cities shared a common emphasis on historical landscapes through landscape planning and private organizations’ active involvement. Second, cases of development activities related to historical buildings were identified in the five cities, with eight cases in Yokohama and four in Kobe. Third, all twelve cases were designated as historic buildings at separate times.