1988 Volume 388 Pages 48-59
1. INTRODUCTION Configuration factors and effective radiation area for the sedentary nude and clothed male subject were measured and calculated by the new photographic method in the previous authors' papers (ref. 1 and 2). In addition, we pointed out the photographic method employed by Fanger (ref. 3) has a limitation for the practical application, because it may cause an appreciable error in situations where the distance between the human body and the surroundings is relatively small. The configuration factors between the sedentary body and the floor were found distributing discontinuously in the neighborhood of the subject. The present study proposes configuration factors and the effective radiation area factors calculated by the new photographic method for subjects who are kept in four clothing and posture combinations; i. E. NUDE-STANDING, CLOTHED-STANDING, NUDE-SEDENTARY and CLOTHED-SEDENTARY. In particular, considering in detail the configuration factors between the points on the floor and the human body, we have obtained the continuous results of the configuration factors between the human body and the floor. 2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three young male subjects were taken in the present study. Table-1 shows the subjects' physical characteristics. In the table, subject HM was already measured and calculated in the previous papers (ref. 1 and 2). The subjects wore two types of clothing assembly, as shown in Table-2. Subject KH who wore large size working coat and trousers, another subjects wore the same size clothing assembly. Fig. 1 shows the experimental set-up with the solid-angle projection camera with OP fish-eye lens. The camera can be set at the point in the three-dimensional coordinates. Taking the photographs of the human body by the camera, the configuration factors between the lattice points of 0.5 m×0.5 m meshes (0.5 m×0.3 m for lower vertical walls) are shown in Fig. 2. Table-3 represents the distances from the center of a subject to vertical walls, the ceiling and the floor. According to the unit sphere concept, the configuration factors between the points on the floor beneath the soles of feet and the human body are the value of unity. This value of unity complicates the calculation of the effective radiation area of the human body and the configuration factors, because the configration factors of the floor surface suddenly change near the feet, so the special technique is necessary to accomplish the numerical integration. Measuring the configuration factors at the points of 0.125 m×0.125 m detail meshes on the floor around the feet, the continual distributions of configuration factors between the body and points on the floor were obtained. Fig. 3 shows the diagram of the measurement to calculate the effective radiation area. The subject is placed on the platform which is made of a colorless and transparent acrylic board and is fixed above the floor surface. Any lattice points on the planes surrounding the subject cannot contact with the body. Therefore the effective radiation area is calculated without considering the value of unity of the configuration factor. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The ratio of the effective radiation area (A_r) of the body based on one of clothing-posture combinations, to the total body surface area (A_t; ref. 4) yields the effective radiation area factor f_<eff> and is listed in Table-4. In the table, the values of the factors f_<eff> for nude subjects tend to be consistent, while those for the clothed ones lie in relatively wide range. For clothed subjects who kept each posture, it can be seen that there are clothing fit-ness-related differences among the factors f_<eff>. The mean values of the factor f_<eff> obtained by the present study are slightly larger than those by Fanger et al. for all clothing-posture combinations. As shown in Figs, from 5 to 10, there are no significant person-related
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