Abstract
This paper formalizes the turbulece model for flows within plant and/or urban canopies. The time-averaging procedure followed by space-averaging was adopted in our model to define the statistical properties of flows. A filtering function was used for the space-averaging. This function enabled the treatment for the volume variation of solid bodies within a space-averaging region. The models were closed by the semi-experimental scheme of Launder etal (1975). The effects of a friction force were added to the equations of turbulent energy, Reynolds stresses and energy dissipation.
