Abstract
The objectives of this study are to make clear the background and changing in the practice of residents participation under Federal Grants Programs, and grass-roots movements by nonprofit neighborhood development organizations in the United States, and to extract the useful implications for Japan in housing and neighborhood-community planning by residents. The summary is as follows ; 1. In the United States, residents could obtain residents participation through several experience of citizen participation and an advisory role in planning, developing, implementing and assessing. And neighborhood development organizations were widely effective in promoting self-help, that is, in promoting direct residents participation in planning and they carried out revital action work, and they could obtain in access to competent technical assistance in a specific field. 2. Regarding to the housing and neighborhood-community planning by residents in Japan, this study indicates that we should make clear what residents determine or choose, and how they participate in it. The authority and responsibility in planning process, the procedure of decision-making, the method of value formation through demands or needs by residents, and technical assistance by professional planners were picked up as critical points.
