抄録
In recent years, expecting to promote communication among family and to be a bright and open space, the number of houses adopting an open floor plan with living stairs (stairs which are connected to the living room without partitioning) and stairwell is increasing. On the other hand, the adoption of the living stairs and stairwell can cause deterioration of the thermal environment during air conditioning. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the actual condition of heat insulation performance, heating and cooling equipment and spatial composition through questionnaire survey for purchasers of newly constructed detached houses in the three-major metropolitan areas, and clarify the relation between each factor and the degree of satisfaction of the thermal environment.
First, when comparing the importance at the design stage and the satisfaction after living of 16 items of housing performance, although the satisfaction after living tends to be lower than importance at the design stage, respondents are generally satisfied with their houses. However, looking at the seasonal dissatisfaction items individually, it was found that although they were totally satisfied with the warmth in winter and the coolness in summer, they had dissatisfactions individually.
Next, we grasp the actual condition of living openness and heat insulation performance and classified those into four types, high insulated closed type, high insulated open type, low insulated closed type, low insulated open type. For each type, we analyze the building characteristics, actual condition of adopting heating and cooling equipment, dissatisfaction of thermal environment for each season, and so on. There was no difference depending on type in adoption of heating and cooling equipment, but the rate of unsatisfied people in winter season tended to be lower with floor heating compared with without floor heating. Moreover, the influence of the spatial composition and the heat insulation performance was seen for individual dissatisfaction items such as dry feeling, coldness of the feet, difficulty of warming up of the room and the like. Looking at the dissatisfaction in the summer, although the type difference overall was small compared to the winter season, dissatisfaction rate of high insulated type is slightly higher than low insulated type for items such as room temperature rise due to solar radiation, humidity during non-cooling and air flow feeling during cooling. As for the utility costs in winter, in the case of without floor heating, open type plans tended to be more expensive, but in the case of with floor heating, closed type tended to be more expensive. Regarding the utility costs in summer, the open type tended to be higher than the closed type.
In the future study, we plan to expand the survey target to renovation houses and continue to investigate the satisfaction of the thermal environment of the houses.
