抄録
The purpose of this study is to contrive quantitative evaluation methods for evacuation safety performance of building based on elucidation of analysis method of appropriate evacuation moving time. There are "method based on guidelines" and "method prescribed by the notification" in the calculation methods of evacuation time currently used in Japan. But neither calculation method can calculate appropriate evacuation time in the confluence state of evacuation crowd. In order to solve the problem, this study attempts to establish appropriate analysis method of evacuation time which cannot be calculated by these conventional calculation methods using the evacuation simulator developed in the previous paper. In conventional evacuation behavior studies, full-scale experiments are sometimes performed, but as the full-scale experiments are not easy to perform, there is a demerit that it is difficult to get enough data to find regularity. On the other hand, the simulation is not actual experiment, but it is possible to reproduce as much as possible and there is a merit that the full particulars in the reproduction state can be surveyed in a large viewpoint.
In this paper, the merit of the simulation is focused, the building evacuation simulation on the multi-story building was performed instead of full-scale experiment. And properties considered as significant in the simulation results were extracted and fundamental mechanism of the state transition of stairs confluence in building evacuation was analyzed based on analysis of density transition in stairs. In addition, the basic calculation methods of stairs inflow completion time of each floor in building evacuation of the multi-story building which cannot be calculated by the conventional calculation methods contrived based on the fundamental mechanism were shown in Tables1 to 3. Furthermore, using the calculation methods and the simulation, six case studies placed a high-density floor on each floor were performed and the calculation methods were evaluated. As a result, the following findings were shown.
In the case that high-density floor is placed on lower floor, stairs inflow completion time is extended at the upper floor above the high-density floor. Also the total of stairs inflow completion time on each floor becomes longer than in the case of the placement on higher floor.
In the case that high-density floor is placed on upper floor, stairs inflow completion time is not extended at the lower floor than the high-density floor. Also the stairs inflow completion time of the higher floor that is high-density becomes longer than in the case of the placement on lower floor.
As described above, the calculation method proposed in this paper based on the analysis of confluence state transition in staircase in building evacuation can analyze appropriate evacuation time, and it is possible to present quantitative performance values that could not be presented by conventional calculation method. On the other hand, in the application range of the theoretical analysis and the calculation method shown in this paper, the evacuation start time and the staircase shape of each floor are all the same. And the number of persons on each floor is set to be more than a certain number of persons where the inside of staircase on each floor reaches saturation state. The theoretical analysis and the calculation methods that expand these application ranges will be reported in the next paper.
