1995 Volume 60 Issue 468 Pages 71-79
Active earth pressure tests for different kinds of motion of rigid wall are performed with dry sand. Conclusions are summarized as follows. (1) The surface of sliding in the backfill tends to assume a triangular shape if a wall tilts by rotating around its lower edge and a parabolic shape if a wall tilts by rotating around its upper edge. If a wall yields parallel to its original, position it tends to assume a shape intermeadiate both of them. (2) The distribution of wall friction is roughly similar to the distribution of horizontal earth pressure in each test.
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