Abstract
The second competition to design a monument for Frederick II. (the Great) of Prussia in 1796-97 has become an epochmaking event for the architectural design at the end of 18C. in Germany. Especially through designs by C. G. Langhans, H. Gentz and F. Gilly, it was extended to the scale of urban design and its idealistic conception of publicity. Through the process to form the monument by Gilly, that can be analysed from his sketches and notes, the idea of architectural form was radically changed by means of neoclassicism or revolutionally architecture, starting from Winckelmann-aesthetics. The idealistic aesthetics of symbolic form was also introduced through changing the character of the monument to the mausoleum. Gilly's design expressed also social aspects of the modern civic society and the national-state through architectural method, that is the civic and the representative publicity. He designed almost as a free architect depending on his own artistic genius and conception, and wanted the social enlightenment with the notion of public openness and the rational geometric system of urban space. The whole architectural form of monument, on the other hand, respresented the idealistic notion of national society in pyramidal form, through being devided into three levels. The problem to design a national monument acted as a mean to establish the new idea of architecture and urban design in the public space in 19C.
