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Article type: Cover
1979 Volume 279 Pages
Cover1-
Published: May 30, 1979
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Article type: Cover
1979 Volume 279 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1979
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Article type: Appendix
1979 Volume 279 Pages
App1-
Published: May 30, 1979
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Article type: Index
1979 Volume 279 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1979
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Article type: Appendix
1979 Volume 279 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1979
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SAKICHI OHGISHI, MITSUO WADA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
1-11
Published: May 30, 1979
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HIDEO TAKABATAKE
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
13-20
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The aims of this paper are to make a full disscussion of the following two points. The first point is to formulate the governing equation in the reference state, which is applicable to the large displacements and large rotations for a uniform thin-walled open section whose axial curve forms a space curve, in the brief general equation which is graspable the main deformation behaviours under the deformation of the cross section and the transverse deformation. The second one is to present the unific formulation, which can treat similarly thin-walled open sections as the problem of rods with full sections, in order to full up a gap on the theory between a full section and a thin-walled open section and for applying to the thin-walled member with relative thick wall. The governing equation is obtained by regarding the thin-walled open section as the three-dimensional body and by reducing the body to the one-dimensional one through the modified Hellinger-Reissner's variational theorem. From a viewpoint to treating the main deformation behavior, it is assumed that the displacement is composed of the plane deformation of the cross section for stretching, bending, the transverse deformation, the rotation of twisting (distorsion) and the deformation of the cross section without the local deformation mode and of warping and furthermore that warping adds to the plane deformation. Warping is generally expressed in the power series expansion into the transverse coordinate axes. This paper consists of two parts and in the part 1 we present the rigorous formulation of the general equation independent of the engineering theory of the bending and torsion.
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YOUICHI MINAKAWA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
21-27
Published: May 30, 1979
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The new classification of nonlinear vibrations is shown in Parts 1 and 2. In this paper we analyse the typical vibrations classified as accompanying type, branching type (1) and branching type 2. The numerical results corresponding to accompanying type ascertain the behaviour of the accompanying oscillation components which is expected by the form of nonlinear terms in the algebraic equations derived by applying the method of harmonic balance. The numerical results for 1/2-subharmonic oscillation classified as branching type (1) show that there is instability region for the oscillation. Then, we analyse nonlinear vibrations classified as branching type (2). In conventional treatment of the vibrations in elastic systems, they are dealt with as parametric excitations which occur in the Mathieu-Hill equation. The results obtained here are compared with the reuslts which are obtained by applying conventional treatment. In order to examine whether obtained periodic solutions are stable or unstable we solve complex eigenvalue problem.
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MINORU YAMADA, HIROSHI KAWAMURA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
29-40
Published: May 30, 1979
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The history of uitimate aseismic design of structures was started off with "Seismic Coefficient Method" (by Dr. Sano in 1915) and followed by "Velocity-Potential Energy Method" (by Dr. Tanabashi in 1935) and by "Resonance Fatigue Method" (by the authors in 1976). Ultimate aseismic design is defined, in this paper, to consist in polarizing excitation-and response-terms in equation of motion from the point of view of ultimate state. The input terms, namely, ground motion characteristics are described in terms of acceleration-, velocity-and displacement-amplitudes, period and duration of earthquakes for the newest ultimate aseismic design, "Resonance-Fatigue Method". As examples of excitations for such an ultimate aseismic design, ground motion characteristics are proposed quantitatively by functions of epicentral distance, earthquake magnitude and predominant period of site ground on the basis of a simple fault model of seismic origin.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, TAKESHI OHKUMA, TERUHISA AMANO, HISANOBU AKAGI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
41-52
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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KENZOH YOSHIOKA, TSUNEO OKADA, TOSHIKAZU TAKEDA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
53-63
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This study was performed with the objective of improving ealthquake-resistant behaviors of reinforced concrete columns. Columns often develop shear failure, bond-split failure, or flexural compression failure without showing sufficient ductility after flexural yielding. In this study, it was tried to make clear experimentally the relationship between ductility and structural details such as the arrangement of main bars and axial load levels. The experiment covered the range of 1 to 2 in shear span ratio, and 0.34〜1.44 percent in tensile reinforcement ratio. From the test results of nineteen columns subjected to bending moment, shear force and axial force, concluding remarks are induced as follows : i) To provide many thin main bars and to envelope them with hoops is not effective for the prevention of bondsplit failure, if tensile reinforcement ratio is as high as about 1 percent. On the contrary to provide thick main bars at the corner of welded or rectangular spiral hoops improves the behaviors a little for the prevention of bond-split failure. ii) To restrain all main bars with either welded hoops or rectangular spiral hoops and supplementary ties together is effective especially for the prevention of the bond-split failure and improve the ductility. iii) In circular columns with circular spiral hoops, even when axial stress coefficient N/bDF_c is in the order of 1/2, 1/3, flexural compression failure is prevented and columns showed very large ductility. Circular spiral hoops are effective for the prevention of bond-split failure too.
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TOSHIRO SUZUKI, KEN-ICHIRO TAMAMATSU
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
65-75
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this series of experiments is to investigate the energy absorption capacity of H-shaped steel columns subjected to earthquake loads. In Part 1, the results of tests subjected to monotonic loading and cyclic loading with constant deflection amplitudes combined with axial loads are shown, and the following features are pointed out : 1. The relationships between energy absorption capacity E_<CM> and plastic deflection capacity D_<MAX> subjected to monotonic loadings are represented approximately by Eq. (1). 2. Under the cyclic loading with constant deflection amplitudes in which lateral deformation is developed in first cycle, the energy absorption capacity E_C is related to the plastic deflection amplitude D by a linear law on the log-log scale as given by Eq. (2). 3. Since the point (D_<MAX>, E_<CM>) on the log-log scale may be located on the line given by Eq. (2) of the same shaped member, substitution of Eq. (1) into Eq. (2) provides Eq. (3).
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TSUNEO OKADA, MATSUTARO SEKI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
77-84
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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As the second part of five serial reports, the test data of the On-line test series-1 are shown in this paper. Five frames of column yielding type having strong and stiff beam were tested by the On-line system. Test variables were initial natural period of frame and intensity of the ground motion. Computer simulation by the program OS-1 D was also done and showed a good approximation to the On-line simulation.
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MASAHIDE TOMII, HIDENORI OHNO
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
85-96
Published: May 30, 1979
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KENZO SUZUKI, NOBORU ARATANI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
97-105
Published: May 30, 1979
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KIYOTO IZUMI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
107-115
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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As a part of experimental study on the relative noisiness of the steady sounds and the periodically intermittent sounds, four series of psychoacoustical experiments were carried out in order to clarify the difference of habituation of these sounds as the duration increased up to two hours. By the ordinary psychophysical methods, two sound stimuli could be directly compared only within the span of about one minute at most. So a tentative method was devised here as an alternative on the ordinary methods. Subjects were exposed alternately to the steady sounds and to the intermittent sounds for a set duration, and just prior to and after the exposure they were asked to judge the relative noisiness of these sounds by adjustment method or a paired comparison method. The habituation by the exposure made the post-exposure judgement lower than the pre-exposurejud-gement. The difference were analyzed according to the types of stimuli and the lengths of exposure. The results obtained from the four series of experiments can be summarized as follows : 1) The habituation of the perceived noisiness of periodically intermittent sounds is larger than that of the steady sounds. 2) The difference of habituation increases as the duration increases up to 30 minutes. 3) The difference of habituation, however, is comparatively small with a maximum of 1 to 2dB(A). 4) The difference shows a high positive correlation with the relative burst levels of the intermittent sounds.
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MOTOYASU KAMATA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
117-126
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In order to know contaminant concentrations in the vicinity of buildings for control of environment in buildings and understand air pollution in urban area accurately, it is necessary to understand the gas diffusion in complex air flow near buildings. For this reason, I have made wind tunnel experiments on this problem in the last few years. I report the results of these experiments in two papers. In this first paper, mainly I report the results of experiments on cavity and it's reattachment point which exert a great influence on the distribution of contaminant concentration near buildings. Results. 1) Cavity region increases as H/Z_0 and W/H become greater (Fig.6). 2) In the leeward side of model, relationship between X_R and √<S> is linear. This relationship holds regardless of characteristics of incident flow and existence of reattachment point on model's upper surface (Fig.8). Relationship between X_R and log (H/Z_0) is linear when model is W/H=0.5, 1, ∞(two dimensional) and existence of reattachment point on model's upper surface is not observed. But when the existence is observed, X_R is constant in spite of change of H/Z_0 (Fig.7). X_R is approximately constant in spite of change of D/H when existence of reattachment point on model's upper surface is not observed. But when the existence is observed, X_R becomes greater as D/H becomes greater (Fig.13). 3) On model's upper surface, X_R does not change in spite of change of D/H (Fig. 11B). Relationship X_R and √<S> is linear and relationship X_R and log (H/Z_0) is linear too when model is W/H=1 (Fig. 14). 4) Between two plate models, X_R, with some exceptions, is equal to a single windward plate model's X_R (Fig. 10).
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SHUZO MURAKAMI, KIYOSHI UEHARA
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
127-135
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The wind is observed at the lower part in a built-up area. It is intended to clarify the influences of the high-rise building on the air flow in the streets. The measuring site is located at Minato-ku Tokyo, Japan. Eight anemometers are arranged at several hights, from 6m to 130m. The observation began in Aug., 1972, and has finished May., 1977. In the previous report, the air flow before the construction of the high-rise building was reported. In this report, the change of air flow pattern due to the construction is reported. The effect of the windbreaks composed of massed of trees which are planted to shelter the pedestrians or shops from the strog wind are also reported. The main results are as follows. 1) The wind rose; After the construction, the shape of the wind rose has become to have sharp peaks becouse the air flow pattern around the high-rise building has become to be very clear and steady. 2) The gust factor; The value of the gust factor near the ground decreases at the place where the wind speed increased after the construction of the high-rise building. The value of it raises up at the place where the wind speed goes down after the construction of the high-rise building. 3) The windbreaks composed of massed of trees are effective to shelter the strong wind.
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ROKURO TOMINAGA, YOSHIAKI HONDA, YOKO EGUCHI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
137-143
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper attempts to clarify change of urban structure by means of the multivariate analysis to simplify complex data and to understand the relationship between process of urban development and its structure. To explain the urban structure of Moriguchi city in Osaka, the last 20 years, from 1955 to 1975, factor analysis is carried out for their data at an interval of five years. In addition, result obtained from cluster analysis (these data consist of 71 indices for an year) showed the presence of six clusters and we discuss on character of development process of the urban structure. Finally, the relationship between process of urban development and its structure is discussed.
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MAMORU TOHIGUCHI
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
145-151
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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For users' economical evaluation of houses, an understanding not of house cost but of house price is essential. In this paper, the behaivior of prefabricated house price is analyzed as the basic data of users' economical evaluation. The summary results are as fallow. 1. In the beginning of the commercialization, the prefab-house industry had adopted penetration price policy. Then, the policy had made up the image that the prefab-house was low price and inferior quality. 2. The prefab-house industry adopts rather high price policy. 3. The prefab-house industry is a price follower with the traditional wooden house industry. 4. On the occasion of house demand stagnation, the industry suppressed the rise in price of the prefab-house. Especially the light steel prefab-house industry suppressed the rise in price and his market share grew.
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KAYO OKABE
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
153-159
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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This paper deals with the out-door recreation places, especially focusing on those in the people's residential area. First, various kind of recreation are classified into four categories, and their spatial locations are studied from "Edomeishozue". Second, two aspects of recreation area : extension of excursion are and formation of daily recreation area are pointed out. Third, in examining the literature of traffic in Edo, it is revealed that roads can be considered as potential recreation space in addition to hirokoji, hiyokechi, baba and jishakeidai, i.e. other public space. Last, recreation space in Nihonbashi district is calculated from "Koken-map" and "Tokyo 1/5000 map, Meiji 20", and it is obtained that the out-door recreation space per capita is around 4m^2.
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TOSHIMASA SUGIMOTO
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
161-169
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The second competition to design a monument for Frederick II. (the Great) of Prussia in 1796-97 has become an epochmaking event for the architectural design at the end of 18C. in Germany. Especially through designs by C. G. Langhans, H. Gentz and F. Gilly, it was extended to the scale of urban design and its idealistic conception of publicity. Through the process to form the monument by Gilly, that can be analysed from his sketches and notes, the idea of architectural form was radically changed by means of neoclassicism or revolutionally architecture, starting from Winckelmann-aesthetics. The idealistic aesthetics of symbolic form was also introduced through changing the character of the monument to the mausoleum. Gilly's design expressed also social aspects of the modern civic society and the national-state through architectural method, that is the civic and the representative publicity. He designed almost as a free architect depending on his own artistic genius and conception, and wanted the social enlightenment with the notion of public openness and the rational geometric system of urban space. The whole architectural form of monument, on the other hand, respresented the idealistic notion of national society in pyramidal form, through being devided into three levels. The problem to design a national monument acted as a mean to establish the new idea of architecture and urban design in the public space in 19C.
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TOSHIMASA SUGIMOTO
Article type: Article
1979 Volume 279 Pages
171-179
Published: May 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Schinkel's design of the Memorial Cathedral at the Leipziger Platz in Berlin (1814-15) showed a prototype of an architectural monunent at the beginning of 19th cencury, which can be seen as a social sign to represent the ideal image of the national state, which included also the character of an institution to educate and cultivate the nation. For this purpose Schinkel has created the new methode to design an architectural form, which can be analysed in three dimensions (II.-IV.). The design of the urban space was a romantic one. Schinkel tried to dissolve the conventional boundary between town and country, through founding a new religious place at the periphery of the town, which was formed by means of romantic landscape painting. The gothic style was chosen and regarded as a medium to express the character of the lively organic society, and evolutionable according to the social spirit of the age. The composition of the architectural form with three blocks, i.e. the pyramidal tower, the nave in rectangular plan and the concentric chor, and the horizontal articulation of the whole form, meant that the idealistic tendency to the abstract form in the revolutionary architecture was self-evident and put into developement.
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