Abstract
The furiting phase of modern architecture was developed, by way of changes from handicraft culture to industrial civilzation, in several European countries, in two decades before and after the first world war. But, due to social conditions, developmental processes in Germany and Netherlands were quite different. Dutch did not enter the first world war, and they were able to practise many progressive policies, for example, public housing in large scale. In this social condition, the influential power shifted from Amsterdam school (cultural) to Rotterdam school (civilizational). In this process, the latter composed "Recti-linear-angular form" and it's relative functional theory. These were the most inflnential results in modern architecture. This gradual change is a typical process, in the development of modern architecure. German were backed up the "Progressive attitude" peculiar to lessadvanced nation, tried to develop an industrial (civilizational) development in architecture enthusiastically, even fom the prewar period. But, by the defeat of the war, German history of architecture turned backward, and there prevailed a pessimism for the civilizational progress, and a cultural atomosphere caused by the German revolution. This is an Expression ism. Expressionist architects were enhanced in the chaos of ideal dreams, and they developed the cultural tendency in modern architecture, but the growth of civilizational-factor this was a main stream of the development of modern architecture-was delayed till the recoverp of this chaos. By these facts, we found that, social conditions were important in the development of modern archiecture.
