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Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 303 Pages
Cover1-
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 303 Pages
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Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Index
1981 Volume 303 Pages
Toc1-
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 303 Pages
App1-
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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TOYOKAZU SHIIRE, YOSHIHIRO MASUDA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
1-8
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In the previous paper, we presented an equation for the prediction of 28 day strength as the characteristic value of concrete quality from the results of earlier test. That equation is applicable to the compliance criteria defined with the mean-minimum value of three samples, for example the Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS A 5308. In this paper, we extend the bounds of application of that equatoin for any compliance criteria defined with the values of n samples, for example JASS 5. Generalized equation derived as follows; F_<28>=a・F_a+b-K_0・S_e(√<P_N^2+1>-P_N) where P_N=(σ_28/√<N>)/S_e F_<28> : Estimated value as 28 day strength F_a : Results of earlier test a, b : Coefficients of regression equation in correlation between earlier strength and 28 day strength σ_<28> : Standard deviation in 28 day strength N : Numbers of test K_0 : Normal deviation corresponding to the value of the ratio of risk from 1
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KAZUO SUZUKI, YOSHITERU OHNO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
9-19
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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On the feasibility of several main equations given in some Codes and references on the calculation of crack width of concrete flexural members, discussions are done with experimental data of about 140 specimens. It is revealed that the average crack width in every cracking stages can be expressed accurately by the product of average crack spacing in steady state (l_<av>) and average change in strain in reinforcing steel from the decompression (⊿ε_<sav>). On the calculation of l_<av>, Equation (6) is proposed herein which is modified from the equation provided in CEBFIP Code 1978 so as to be more simple and acculate. Good result of examination of this proposed equation with experimental data is shown in Fig.10 and can be compared with the result of CEB-FIP equation shown in Fig.8. Proposed equations on the average change in strain ⊿ε_<sav> are Eqs. (10) and (11). Succesful results of those values to experimental data are shown in Fig.11.
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MORIHISA FUJIMOTO, MITSURU IZUMI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
21-30
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper the monotonic tensile tests and the low cycle plastic fatigue tests of T-type butt welded joints with incomplete root penetration at the both edges of the test plate were carried out. The deformation capacity and the low cycle fatigue characteristics were compared with the results of the tests with incomplete penetration at the center of the test plate which were reported in the previous paper. The conclusions are summerized as follows. (1) The reduction of area and the static fracture ductility of the both edged root defects are smaller than the centered defect. On the contrary, the uniform elongation of the both defects are nearly equal. (2) The exponent k_p and the constant C_p for Manson-Coffin's equation can be expressed as the functions of the static fracture ductility and those functions have the nearly value in spite of the difference of the location of the defects. (3) In the low cycle plastic fatigue tests those number of cycles to failure is less than about 50, the fatigue characteristics of the both edged root defects is inferior to the centered root defects. (4) The relation between the static fracture ductility and the uniform elongation depends on the tensile strength of the weld metal to the one of the base metal and the location of defects. However, as the correlation can be recognized, if the influence of the ratio of the tensile strength and the location of defects are investigated by testing in future, the fatigue characteristics may be able to be expressed by the uniform elongation. (5) The relation between the plastic strain amplitude and the average hysteresis energy per cycle to failure is linear in log-log plot. Employing the above relation and the relation between the plastic strain amplitude and the number of cycles to failure, the relation between the strain amplitude and the total hysteresis energies to failure are induced linear in log-log plot.
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HIROSHI AKIYAMA, KENICHI OHI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
31-39
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The total energy input made by an earthquake depends mainly on the total mass and the fundamental natural period of the structure and is scarcely affected by the strength and the type of restoring force characteristics. On the other hand the concentration of the input energy depends mainly on vertical distribution of strength and the type of restoring force characteristics. The energy concentration into relatively weak story often causes the collapse of the structure and must be carefully prevented in design practice. This paper deals with the basic feature of the energy concentration in shear-type multi-story buildings which are not structurally uniform and are composed of different structural elements as is usually encountered. One is the structure combined with rigid frames and braced frame in a same plane frame. In this type of structure inelastic strain energy is mainly cumulated in the rigid frames and the braced frame only serves to restrict excessive overall displacement. Relaxation of braces produces reduction of strength and causes the energy concentration. Another is the rigid frame structure which exhibits partly different elastic limit deformation and the frame with larger elastic limit deformation is hardly strained inelastically. Such non-collaboration of structural elements also causes the energy concentration of multi-story buildings. These phenomena can be well explained by the basic law on the energy distribution which has been already proposed by the author, and also the relation between overall maximum drift and cumulated inelastic deformation of these type of structures is expressed in simple empirical formulas.
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MAKOTO WATABE, MASANOBU TOHDO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
41-51
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Generation of simulated earthquake ground motions for practical aseismic design is the practical goal of the research. In Part-I, literature survey on the emphasis of mathematical model is first introduced. Various results by the investigations on the maxima of earthquake ground motions then are explained.
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TAKASHI SUGAI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
53-59
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Damage in recent earthquakes showed the importance of piping joint for deflection absorbing. The joint absorbs the deflection caused by subsidence of ground and earthquakes, and prevent the pipes from damage. In this paper, the author classifies the piping joint seeing the mechanism how to absorb the deflection, and sets up a list which shows the relation between the classification from and the absorbing direction of the deflection. He also clarifies and suggests the necessary items to check the deflecting character of the piping joint, the conditions and consequences of each test, and the necessary items to check the capable absorbing direction of the piping joint. In the latter part, the existing state of performance and test of the piping joint is investigated, and he found that most of the piping joint are not tested as for its performance of the deflection absorbing. Consequently, the author proposes to establish a concreter method of testing the piping joint for deflection absorbing.
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YASUO NISHI, TAKEO KOJIMA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
61-67
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The authors of this paper reported their studies on the shapes of reflecting mirrors which are able to image objects in equisolidangular and equidistant projection forms. They reported about their trial photographing device for equisolidangular projection images in their paper which followed their paper above mentioned. The authors report, in this paper, about their trial photographing device for equidistant projection form. They examined the pictures got with this device and reached their conclusion that the trial device is sufficiently accurate for practical purposes.
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AKIRA HOYANO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
69-79
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The diurnal changes of surface temperature and the spectral reflectances are presented as the results of investigating many data obtained by ground truth. A practical procedure for quantitative measurement of urban thermal environment by multispectral scanner data is proposed and a useful method of ground truth is discussed. The regression analysis between MSS data and ground truth data shows that the spectral reflectance at the ground surface can be accurately determined by MSS data of visual band or near infrared band, and surface temperature can be determined by thermal infrared band. Furthermore, the values obtained by the regression line of infrared band are compared with those obtained by the temperature scale, the latter being estimated by the temperature of MSS black bodies. By observing the atmospheric effects, the importance of ground truth is pointed out.
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MICHIHITO TERAO, TAKASHI SHODA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
81-91
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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HIROKUNI TANIGUCHI, YOSHINOBU MUROTA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
93-102
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to classify 756 cities into several types by various medical indices in order to investigate the state of the existing medical resources such as facilities and manpower of the cities in Japan through the following procedures. 1. 180 variables were collected as significant indices concerning medical facilities, manpower, social situations, and economic situations for each of 756 cities. 2. This data was processed by factor analysis, through which nine dimensions were obatined. Taking into account these dimensions, 56 variables were selected as the representable indices to classify the cities. 3. Three principal components were obtained through principal component analysis and were interpretted as follows, namely, the maturity of cities, the level of medical stocks in resources, the share of medical care services between hospitals and clinics. 4. 756 cities were classified into nine types at the result of hierachy cluster analysis based on these three component scores. 5. The discriminating variables between different types of cities were extracted by stepwise discriminant analysis. In the consequence of the above prccedures, these types of cities turned out to be relevant to represent the cities under different medical circumstances.
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MITSURU SENDA, SATSUO MIYAMOTO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
103-109
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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Children create a broad range of play activities in any location of the city or country. We clarify how play is generated, space requirements needed, character of materials and structure in the play environment.
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YOSHIHIKO SASAKI, TAKASHI OMI, HIROTO YAMADA, TAKEBUMI SUGAI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
111-117
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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In this paper, the changes of shopping districts in Sendai City are analyzed from the four standpoints, using the model of consumers' shopping behaviour, as follows : (1) The population decreases in the midtown area. (2) The inclease in using private cars for shopping. (3) Setting up parking lots at each store in order to attract customers in the shopping districts being close to the C. B. D.. (4) Locating in the suburbs four new big stores which provide a lot of parking lots.
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Bunji Kobayashi
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
119-126
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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HAJIME SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
127-139
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The furiting phase of modern architecture was developed, by way of changes from handicraft culture to industrial civilzation, in several European countries, in two decades before and after the first world war. But, due to social conditions, developmental processes in Germany and Netherlands were quite different. Dutch did not enter the first world war, and they were able to practise many progressive policies, for example, public housing in large scale. In this social condition, the influential power shifted from Amsterdam school (cultural) to Rotterdam school (civilizational). In this process, the latter composed "Recti-linear-angular form" and it's relative functional theory. These were the most inflnential results in modern architecture. This gradual change is a typical process, in the development of modern architecure. German were backed up the "Progressive attitude" peculiar to lessadvanced nation, tried to develop an industrial (civilizational) development in architecture enthusiastically, even fom the prewar period. But, by the defeat of the war, German history of architecture turned backward, and there prevailed a pessimism for the civilizational progress, and a cultural atomosphere caused by the German revolution. This is an Expression ism. Expressionist architects were enhanced in the chaos of ideal dreams, and they developed the cultural tendency in modern architecture, but the growth of civilizational-factor this was a main stream of the development of modern architecture-was delayed till the recoverp of this chaos. By these facts, we found that, social conditions were important in the development of modern archiecture.
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TAKUJI HAMAMOTO, YASUO TANAKA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
141-154
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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The dynamic response analysis of fixed offshore cylindrical shell structures subjected to earthquake ground motions is studied by using the free vibration data in water, which was already obtained by three different approaches; Rayleigh-Ritz method, finite element method and matrix progression method. The hydrodynamic pressures on a vibrating shell subjected to earthquake ground motions can be obtained as the sum of the pressure component due to rigid body motion of a shell and the pressure component due to elastic deformation of a shell by a linear potential flow theory. The effects of dynamic interaction between a shell and water are estimated as the added mass in phase with the acceleration of a shell, the radiation damping in phase with the velocity of a shell and the added applied force due to rigid body motion in water in the uncoupled modal equation of motion which can be derived by making use of the orthgonality of mode shapes in water. The response quantities such as displacements and stress resultants are obtained in the frequency domain and in the time domain. In order to show the application of the theory and the procedure, some numerical calculations are carried out. Based on the numerical results, the effects of shell configulation and water depth on the dynamic behaviours and the effects of radiation damping on the response quantities are discussed.
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Koichiro WATANABE, Wataru KATO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 303 Pages
155-165
Published: May 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 22, 2017
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