Green Road Transportation Using Biodiesel and Electric Mobility in Indonesia: A Benchmark Analysis of GHG Referring to Japan

抄録

This research evaluated the benefit of utilization of biofuel for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs) in terms of environmental benefit over GHG emission reduction in Indonesia and Japan. To support the research, the forecasted GHG emission from these mobility alternatives (rather than fossil fuel internal combustion engine) within the time frame between 2015 and 2030 was reported and analysed. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of palm oil-based biodiesel production, ICE vehicles, EVs and lithium battery production were analysed by using SIMAPRO^®. The results showed that Japan has a better emission reduction strategy than Indonesia. Lower emission factor from power sector provides more advantage to promote EVs in Japan and expected better than other alternatives in current situation and future. On the other hand, for Indonesia, both biofuel-ICE and EVs utilization could not offer high positive impact to promote green mobility. Biofuel is insufficient to achieve emission reduction in Indonesia for transportation sector, only less than 8.0% target for transportation in 2020 and worsening of emission factor from Indonesia power generation for current situation and future. Emission mitigation strategy of the road transportation in Indonesia requisites a clearer direction, especially for future targeted biofuel crops and cleaner electricity sources.