サファヴィー朝後期におけるイマーム・レザー廟のワクフ

抄録

This paper attempts to examine the role played by the Vaqf endowments in the expansion and development of the Emām Reżā Shrine in Mashhad during the latter half of the Safavid period. The study is mainly based on the analysis of the Vaqf documents. The paper first examines the financial base of the Emām Reżā Shrine provided by the Vaqf. Specifically, it discusses the social strata of the Vaqif (Vaqf donors) in order to identify the people who contributed to the funding of the shrine. It then examines the types of Vaqf properties along with their geographical distributions. The study reveals that the ruling elites of the Safavid dynasty expanded the shrine using the Vaqf endowments and that the Vaqf properties were concentrated in the Mashhad district during the historical period studied. The second focus of this paper is the exact mechanism by which the Vaqf endowments contributed to the development of this shrine/mausoleum to form a religious space for the Shi‘ite pilgrims. The analysis of the Vaqf documents showed that the Vaqf endowments were instrumental in establishing the shrine’s infrastructure, offering financial support to the pilgrims, and assisting scholarly pursuits at the shrine. The endowments not only guaranteed the veneration of the Sayyeds at the shrine, which had been in practice since the preceding period, but also helped to provide funds for the Shi‘ite rituals of ta‘zīye as well as to establish the Shi‘ite graveyard, amidst the ongoing Shi’ization trend. The paper concludes that the Vaqfs, during the late Safavid period, played a key role in preserving the pre-existing religious complex and the veneration of the Sayyeds, while gradually lending Shi‘ite characteristics to the shrine.