ルーズビハーン・バクリー・シーラーズィーの預言者・聖者論：神秘階梯論への影響を中心に

抄録

Rūzbihān Baqlī Shīrāzī (d. 1209) whose conception of prophets and saints is the subject of this paper was one of the leading representatives of Sufism in the 12th century. For a long time, Orientalists supposed that Rūzbihān’s intellectual tendeancies were influenced by the anthropomorphic argument concerning love between God and Man. He was also, however, active in many other fields such as Quranic commentary, jurisprudence. In this paper I argue that his arguments are based primarily on the concept of prophethood and sainthood rather than divine love. The reason why the concept of prophethood and sainthood is so important for an understanding of Rūzbihān’s thoughts is that he himself confesses that his aim of writing is to prevent Sufi saints from accusing him of being an infidel. Besides this, it seems clear that he intends to impute prophethood or sainthood to himself in his autobiographical work. In addition, Rūzbihān’s theory of Spiritual Stations is distinguished by the special attention it pays to prophets and saints. In his Risāla al-quds, Rūzbihān treats the classical theory of Spiritual Stations as an orthodox theory, even though in the Kashf al-asrār, he calls his series of supernatural visions brilliant Spiritual Stations. This means that he borrowed the way of orthodox theory for the reconstitute of ecstatic sayings of Sufi saints in accordance with sober and permissible expression in official faith of Islam. This shows that to comprehend Rūzbihān’s thoughts, we have to pay attention to the stress he places on prophets or saints. In this article, I focus on his concept of prophets and saints, and examine its impact on his work.