A Comparative Study on the Types of the Employment Policy for the Persons with Disabilities Regarding User and Employer Support in OECD Countries

Abstract

This study aims to typologize the Employment Policy for the Persons with Disabilities according to levels of user support and employer support. Public social expenditure data on these two dimensions from 32 OECD countries were analyzed using fuzzy-set ideal type analysis. Four types emerged: the User-Employer Support Integrated Type (US∗ES), with high levels of both supports; the User-Centered Type (US∗es), with relatively high user support; the Employer – Centered Type (us∗ES), with relatively high employer support; and the Weak User – Employer Support Type (us∗es), with low levels of both. Switzerland, Sweden, and Estonia were classified as US∗ES; the Netherlands, United States, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Australia, and Slovakia as US∗es; Spain, the Czech Republic, Poland, Luxembourg, and Belgium as us∗ES; and Israel, Greece, Latvia, Canada, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, France, New Zealand, Türkiye, Slovenia, Germany, Lithuania, Austria, Korea, Japan, and the United Kingdom as us∗es. Countries with active government intervention tended to adopt high public support and non – quota systems, while those with limited intervention favored low public support and quota-based systems.