Response to the Intervention (RTI) strategy is a systematic approach that encourages a collaborative effort among teachers, support staff, and administrators to address the needs of all pupils. This collaborative and inclusive approach can foster a more supportive learning environment for pupils. This study aims to find out the impact of the RTI strategy on the performance of Iraqi EFL primary pupils and to improve their performance. The hypothesis is assumed to be established. Which is: There is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of the experimental group who is taught by using RTI strategy, and the control group who is taught by a prescribed method in the post-performance test. To achieve the aim of this research and verify its hypotheses The pupils have been taught during the academic year 2024-2025 in English subject. The sample was selected from Sixth grade pupils and divided into two classes, with 68 pupils. (34) students comprise each class. Class (A) for the experimental group and Class (B) for the Control group. Simple Random Sampling is used to select pupils from each class. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the posttest. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the experimental group in the pre and posttest. This indicates that the RTI strategy is more effective than the prescribed method.

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Pruritus can be a distressing symptom, and previous research suggests that it is common in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the characteristics of pruritus and the skin condition in patients with HF have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the skin condition, characteristics of pruritus, and factors associated with pruritus in patients with HF to develop care strategies to alleviate their pruritus. This prospective observational study was conducted with 112 outpatients with HF in two hospitals in Japan from 2021 to 2022. Demographic and medical data, and the presence and degree of pruritus were assessed. The stratum corneum hydration (SCH), skin surface pH, and sebum content on the forearm and lower leg were also measured. Data analysis consisted of a comparison of the two groups (with/without pruritus) and a logistic regression analysis with the presence or absence of pruritus as the objective variable. The skin of patients with HF (forearm, lower leg) was dry; SCH 35.9±9.1, 30.2±9.9 a.u., sebum content 0.4±0.7, 0.4±0.7 μg/cm2. The prevalence of pruritus was 57.1%, with mild to moderate severity and a mild adverse effect on daily life. However, approximately 10% of patients had severe pruritus with a strong adverse effect on daily life. The factors associated with pruritus were aspartate aminotransferase levels (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17, p = 0.007) and moisturizer use (OR 6.50, 95% CI 1.01-41.59, p = 0.048). Skin care practices focusing on moisturization, and appropriate patient education, are necessary to prevent deterioration of the skin’s barrier function.

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This study examines the socio-economic conditions of young Sama Bajau women in Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines, exploring their transition from nomadic seafaring to settled life. Focusing on their economic activities, cultural influences on livelihoods, perceptions of current conditions, and compliance with the Philippines’ Domestic Workers Act (RA 10361), this research reveals that these women primarily engage in lower-skilled occupations, facing challenges such as overwork and unfair treatment. While cultural norms emphasizing shared responsibilities and early workforce entry mitigate the feminization of poverty, they do however prioritize sustenance over education, perpetuating illiteracy in this community. The study further identifies discrepancies between RA 10361 and actual working conditions, particularly regarding employment age and legal requirements, due to various factors such as perceived inferiority, intimidation, and lack of awareness. Findings underscore the need for targeted initiatives promoting education and legal compliance to improve the livelihood of Sama Bajau women.

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This study explores the socioeconomic factors of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia’s formal and informal sectors. As entrepreneurship is increasingly regarded as a key driver for economic growth, innovation, and social progress, it becomes essential to understand Malaysian women’s entrepreneurial intents and behaviours. The lower labour force participation rate among women, compared to men, is influenced by various factors, such as the early exit of many women from the workforce due to domestic responsibilities. This study explores the socioeconomic dynamics shaping women’s entrepreneurial intentions through an in-depth analysis of survey data gathered from 535 women entrepreneurs across Malaysia’s formal and informal sectors in the first half of 2024. It highlights women entrepreneurs’ outlooks on the anticipated economic climate, business opportunities, and financial conditions in Malaysia. The findings contribute to understanding women’s entrepreneurship and offer recommendations for policymakers to address systemic barriers and promote entrepreneurship for economic empowerment. Recognising the socioeconomic impact of shaping women’s entrepreneurship is pivotal for creating effective government policies, formulating better regulations, and fostering an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem. This study identifies the socioeconomic impact shaping women’s entrepreneurial intentions in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 5), which focuses on achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls.

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In India, animals are deeply woven into cultural and religious traditions. Festivals in Tamil Nadu and Kerala prominently feature different animals like the Thrissur Pooram in Kerala, where caparisoned elephants are central to processions and rituals. The paper explores the violation of animal rights in the name of religion and compromising ideas of animal welfare at Thrissur Pooram, drawing primarily on the documentary Gods in Shackles by Sangita Iyer, which provides testimonial evidence of elephant mistreatment and suffering at the festival with cross references to the ideas of cultural anthropomorphism as put forth by John Berger in Why Look At Animals (1983) and zoopolis as articulated by Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka’s in their work, Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights. The elephants, often revered as sacred, are integral to the vibrant pageantry that defines regional celebrations. Thrissur Pooram is a cultural festival held in Kerala, India, renowned for its spectacle of elephants and massive firework displays. However, the festival has become a subject of concern for animal rights activists due to the treatment of elephants during the event. Through the documentary, the study explores the attribution of human traits, emotions, and intentions to non-human entities within a cultural context which elevates elephants as sacred beings and obscures the realities of their exploitation. The paper argues for the urgent need to reimagine the conduct of cultural festivals like through a zoopolis-inspired lens, by exploring the intensity of animal torture and the inhumanity of their treatment.

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Quarantine is the primary strategy for virus spread control. The COVID-19 pandemic has a rapid spread rate, high mortality cases of 158,000 and CFR 8.9% in a short time. Indonesian Government responded to the incident promptly by providing centralized isolation facilities in several locations. Given this, learning from the quarantine evaluation result by assessing the effectiveness of health policy interventions and responses in optimizing the handling and prevention of infectious diseases from the perspective of community satisfaction in receiving services is important. Methods: An observational analysis with a cross-sectional study was conducted on those treated in all centralized isolation locations in Semarang City in 2021-2022. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data by sending the online form to the patients’ cell phone. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to analyze public satisfaction with the services received. Results: This study found several insights regarding the implementation of quarantine. Respondents with higher education have a higher quality perception of centralized isolation services than those with other educational backgrounds. Several factors that have a significant relationship with overall satisfaction were clear and easy-to-understand registration flow information, good facilities, the room complies with health protocols, and good ability and skill of officers. These factors have 51% probability of recommending other communities to isolate in centralized isolation provided by the Semarang City’s Government. Conclusions: Centralized isolation services are well and good quality according to applicable procedures. There was evidence that centralized isolation was recommended as a self-quarantine strategy amid a pandemic.

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The purpose of the paper is to examine the ideas that were used in order to delineate the culture that is preserved. Art is an umbrella term and has various classifications with a profound meaning. The initial form of any literature started through drawings that are depicted on the walls, caves, etc. Later, people interpret according to their perception and start to narrate stories and tales that have been passed down from generation to generation by the means of oral tradition. This paper is about the Big Temple that is situated in Thanjavur and its significance that is noteworthy in context to art as a whole. It's a paradigm of marvel that has been portrayed through sculpture, painting, hieroglyphs, carving, architecture, literature, music, dance, etc. Further the paper draws the attention to how ancient monuments like Big Temple continue to shape regional identity and cultural awareness through shared artistic and philosophical traditions and also uncovers the elements of temple’s construction from the Vimana to its intricate carvings. Ultimately, the temple continues to inspire contemporary discourse on identity, art and culture.

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The Covid-19 epidemic has significantly impacted economies, society, and public health all around the world, particularly in developing nations like Bangladesh. The issue is still not resolved, and precise forecasting models are required to foresee the virus's future spread and guide public health policies. The goal of this research is to estimate and predict how the Covid-19 epidemic would develop in the future, including the total number of cases, positive rates and new cases, and potentially major solutions to aid the healthcare system in treating new patients. Secondary data on total cases, positive rate, and daily new cases caused by Coronavirus were arranged from March 15, 2020 to February 3, 2023. The prophet package in R studio was used to forecast these three variables for the very near future. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM), factor analysis and Pareto chart were applied to the secondary and collected primary data set. This study found that the number of daily affected instances increased just minimally after June 2023 and peaked in July of that year, before declining again and increasing slightly in early 2024. Factor analysis was done to determine the most common three categories of symptoms; these data were collected from people who were affected by COVID-19. These data resulted in patients with sore throats having difficulty eating and positively related with first factor, patients with dry mouth have headaches, and lastly patients had dizziness. Also, the study revealed that drinking green coconut water on a daily basis, exercising, and eating a well-balanced diet in a regular routine cured over 80% of the difficulties for the long COVID-19. Different pandemic situation like COVID-19 can be better handled and the issue can be assisted to resolve with the help of such findings.

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The rapid evolution of technology and science has blurred the boundaries between objective reality and hyperreality, a simulated world shaped by digital media and biotechnology. While previous studies on Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake have examined the novel through ecofeminist and biotechnological ethical lenses, few have analyzed it through Jean Baudrillard’s theory of simulacra and hyperreality. This study addresses that gap by employing qualitative textual analysis to explore how Atwood’s novel illustrates the dominance of simulations that replace authentic human experiences. Using Baudrillard’s theoretical framework, the research investigates how Oryx and Crake portrays corporate compounds, genetically engineered Crakers, and media-constructed desires as simulacra that blur the distinction between the real and the artificial. The findings show that the novel critiques the ethical and existential consequences of a hyperreal world dominated by corporate capitalism and technological mediation. This study contributes to literary and media studies by linking dystopian fiction with postmodern philosophy and emphasizes the relevance of hyperreality in understanding the erosion of truth in contemporary digital culture.

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The study analyses the portrayal of transgender characters in Malayalam cinema to determine how these depictions maintain or subvert conventional gender roles which operate within the sociocultural context. A textual analysis of selected films such as Chanthupottu (2005), Ardhanaari (2012), Thira (2013) Njan Marykutty (2018), and others uses gender theory, representation theory, and film theory to explore the nuances of visibility, voice, and identity construction of transgender characters on screen. Further the analysis shows a change from exaggerated and sidelined portrayals to more genuine and relatable representation in recent cinema, however even progressive stories often filter transgender experience through cisgender viewpoints. The analysis identifies several fundamental themes which include gender performativity, medicalization of trans bodies, struggles for acceptance and the tension between representation and visibility. Through its analysis of Malayalam films alongside wider cultural debates about media ethics and identity, the study demonstrates why storytelling practices require more inclusive approaches which advance transgender media criticism and regional Indian cinema representation complexity.

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Immigrant women in culinary entrepreneurship face dual marginalization due to gender and migrant identity. This study examines their resilience and motivation through the lens of Self-Determination Theory and Feminist Standpoint Theory, focusing on structured culinary training programs such as Hot Bread Kitchen, Sanctuary Kitchen at CitySeed Eat OffBeat, and Emma’s Torch. A qualitative analysis was conducted using cookbook, interviews, and publicly available media narratives. The study employs thematic coding and intersectional analysis to examine culinary labour narratives, critically framing resilience as socially situated, shaped by institutional inequities, migration status, and gendered labour hierarchies. Findings reveal that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation such as passion, identity preservation, financial stability, and professional recognition drives immigrant women toward culinary entrepreneurship. Resilience enables adaptation to workplace discrimination and financial challenges, while structured community support fosters skill development, economic independence, and cultural integration. The study highlights how immigrant women reclaim agency through food-based enterprises, reinforcing the theoretical contributions of Self-Determination and Feminist Standpoint Theory. The conceptualization of Feminist Immigrant Culinary Literature as a scholarly genre amplifies their narratives, ensuring academic recognition of food entrepreneurship as a feminist act. Culinary spaces serve as tools for empowerment, resilience, and identity negotiation. Recognizing immigrant women’s contributions through structured support and policy interventions enhances economic and social mobility.

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The world is witnessing rapid progress in science and an influx of knowledge in various areas of general life and of instruction in particular, specifically in teaching English language. In order to keep pace with this progress, and considering the teacher as one of the most important pillars of teaching, especially in teaching essay writing process, he/she must undergo continuous professional development, thereby overcoming all challenges that may hinder professional development. The current study aims at investigating the Impact of the suggested programme on students' achievements in "essay writing". To conduct the study and fulfill its aims, it is hypothesized that there is no statistical significant difference between the result of the experimental group which is taught by the suggested programme and control group which is taught by traditional method in pre - posttest. A sample of (60) students has been chosen arbitrarily from the third year of the Department of English at the College of Education for Women / University of Tikrit and divided into equal groups, i.e., the experimental and control groups. The collected data has been statistically analyzed using T-test formula for two independent samples. The obtained results indicate that the suggested programme demonstrates significantly higher level in teaching essay writing than the traditional teaching programmes.

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This study investigates how teaching staff and administrators adhere to or bypass Leech’s politeness maxims when composing asynchronous messages in Iraqi educational announcement groups, particularly in the absence of immediate feedback from students. The study analyzes messages written by teaching staff and administrators at the Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, at the University of Mosul and Al-Noor University during the 2024-2025 academic year. Leech's (1983) politeness maxims have been adopted as the framework for data analysis. Using a qualitative research design, the study examines the influence of different types of announcements on the observance and non-observance of these maxims. A pattern reason analysis has been used for data analysis. The findings show valuable insights into the dynamics of polite communication in online educational settings, where interactions are delayed and non-reciprocal. They indicate that only certain types of speech acts are employed in asynchronous announcements, and only Tact, Approbation, and Agreement maxims are either violated or observed in asynchronous announcements. Two different sets of recurrent behaviors are collectively used when a given maxim is either observed or violated. Finally, the findings indicate that a kind of reciprocal dependency exists between the particular nature of asynchronous announcements and the recurrent behaviors used either to observe or to violate the maxims.

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This research aims to analyze, explore, describe, and develop a new model connecting Knowledge Quality with Marketing Performance while introducing the innovative concept of "Spiritual Network Agility." This concept seeks to address gaps in prior studies on the relationship between knowledge quality and marketing performance. The study proposes a marketing management approach based on the integration of the Resource-Based View and Organizational Agility, resulting in the novel concept of Spiritual Network Agility. This concept reflects the ability to act swiftly and flexibly in building mutually beneficial relationships, both for worldly success and spiritual fulfillment. It is characterized by responsible creativity, honest communication, and a commitment to seeking Allah’s pleasure and doing good deeds. The research design adopts an Explanatory Research methodology, with a population of 522 admissions committee members at Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) across Indonesia. A purposive sampling method was used to select 226 committee members as the study sample. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire (1 to 5) and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 22.0 software. Practical implications suggest that higher education institutions can enhance their Marketing Performance by strengthening Spiritual Network Agility through responsible creativity, honest communication, and value-based relationships. Additionally, focusing on improving Knowledge Quality specifically its intrinsic, contextual, and actionable dimensions can enable institutions to adapt more swiftly and flexibly to market dynamics. It addresses the gap between Knowledge Quality and Marketing Performance by emphasizing the importance of speed, flexibility, and ethics in building mutually beneficial relationships.

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The study analyses the implementation of the English for Specific Purposes approach through Content and Language Integrated Learning in Indonesian Islamic Higher Education. The research was motivated by the recognition that the English for Specific Purposes program at IIHE employs Islamic Studies-based English textbooks; however, challenges persist in effectively implementing this program. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the researchers gathered quantitative data through surveys from 120 students regarding their perceptions of the ESP teaching materials and qualitative insights via interviews with program managers and English for Specific Purposes lecturers. The results reveal discrepancies between the teachings provided and the theoretical frameworks of both English for Specific Purposes and Content And Language Integrated Learning, indicating that the application of these methodologies at IIHE is not fully realized. Key challenges identified include a lack of preparedness among lecturers, inadequate institutional support, and the insufficiency of relevant teaching materials that meet the specific needs of Islamic Religious Education students. The findings underscore the necessity for formative recommendations aimed at policymakers, particularly the Directorate of Islamic Religious Universities under the Ministry of Religion, to enhance the efficacy of Islamic Studies-based English for Specific Purposes courses and improve students' English language competency. This study contributes to the understanding of English for Specific Purposes implementation in IIHE and suggests future research directions to address identified gaps and challenges.

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The objective of this research is to create a cost-effective e-module that integrates Indonesian local wisdom, enhances learning outcomes, and increases cultural and academic engagement among senior high school students in Indonesia. Conducted in Kediri City, East Java, the research targeted senior high school students and employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group format. A total of 100 students aged 16–18 were assigned to either an experimental group, which used the local wisdom-based e-module, or a control group, which received conventional instruction. Data were collected through standardized cognitive tests and Likert-scale questionnaires, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and effect size calculations. The findings revealed that students in the experimental group achieved significantly higher post-test scores (M = 85) compared to the control group (M = 75), with a p-value < 0.05 and a large effect size, indicating strong intervention impact. Additionally, 80% of students in the experimental group demonstrated enhanced understanding and alignment with the Pancasila student profile, compared to 60% in the control group. These results suggest that integrating Indonesian local wisdom into digital learning modules not only improves academic achievement but also strengthens students’ character development, offering a scalable model for culturally grounded educational innovation in Indonesia.

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Informality in Peruvian microenterprises is caused by a variety of reasons that encompass both structural barriers and socioeconomic elements. One of the main obstacles is the high cost and intricate formalization process, which prevents small entrepreneurs from registering legally. Likewise, the lack of adequate infrastructure and financing perpetuates an atmosphere where the only viable alternative is to operate informally. This phenomenon is intensified by the State's poor ability to monitor and control economic activities in rural areas, creating a whirlwind of exclusion and low efficiency. The objective of the study was to determine that strategies for formalization positively influence the performance of rural microenterprises in Peru. Data were collected from the three dimensions analyzed: business informality including administrative, labor, and management aspects and business performance, which encompassed internal processes, system logic, system openness, and human links. The research adopted a quasi-experimental approach by dividing the population into two teams: the research team with 192 participants and the control team with another 192. Data collection was carried out on two occasions, with an interval of six months at the beginning of the project and then implementing strategies to raise awareness about the concepts and impacts of informality in the business market. The results show that strategies for formalization positively influence the performance of rural microenterprises in Peru.

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This study examines how collaboration strategies influence the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kutai Barat, Indonesia, through the lens of Islamic marketing ethics. Employing a quantitative, descriptive-exploratory design, the research surveyed 100 MSME owners and managers selected via random sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to explore how factors such as business age, scale, and sector interact with collaborative practices to enhance business performance. Results indicate a strong positive relationship between collaboration strategies and MSME growth (R² = 72.1%), highlighting the strategic value of partnerships in driving competitiveness and sustainability. This study contributes to social network theory by emphasizing how trust-based, ethical relationships rooted in Islamic values such as Amanah (trustworthiness) and Ukhuwwah (brotherhood) can reinforce collaborative capacity. The integration of Islamic marketing ethics distinguishes this work from conventional marketing studies, offering a culturally grounded framework that promotes responsible entrepreneurship. By bridging collaboration models with faith-based marketing principles, the research advances scholarly understanding of ethical growth strategies in Muslim-majority economies. The findings provide actionable insights for MSME practitioners, policymakers, and researchers aiming to foster inclusive and sustainable enterprise development in emerging markets.

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The coffee plantation area in Banyuwangi has great potential to be developed into an experience-based educational tourism destination. This study aims to analyze the potential of the area through qualitative and quantitative analysis approaches, as well as identify existing opportunities and challenges. The results of the analysis show that Banyuwangi has advantages in the form of extensive coffee plantation land, unique local coffee processing processes, and increasing tourist interest in the concept of education-based and sustainable tourism. The main opportunities identified include the development of educational tourism, the potential for an organic coffee market, the creation of zero-waste coffee products, branding innovation, and the processing of coffee derivative products. However, this area also faces challenges, such as climate change, limited technology, dependence on middlemen, and domestic and international market competition. The proposed development strategies include increasing farmer capacity, implementing sustainable agricultural technology, digital promotion, and cross-sector collaboration. With proper management, coffee educational tourism in Banyuwangi can become a leading icon that not only drives the local economy but also supports cultural and environmental preservation.

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This study explores the integration of digital storytelling technology in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom through the use of the Storyboard That platform within a Project-Based Learning (PJBL) framework. Conducted with Indonesian nursing students who have limited access to educational technology, the research adopted a qualitative narrative approach using semi-structured interviews with seven participants. The study aimed to examine students’ experiences and perceptions of using digital storytelling as a tool to enhance writing skills. The findings reveal that the integration of Storyboard That improved student engagement, encouraged creative expression, and enhanced cognitive and narrative structuring abilities. The study further emphasizes that PJBL, when supported by digital tools, effectively cultivates 21st-century competencies such as collaboration, critical thinking, and technological fluency. Although students initially faced challenges related to limited access and unfamiliarity with the platform, they ultimately responded positively to visual storytelling as a means to organize and articulate their ideas in written form. These findings suggest that technology-enhanced PJBL presents a promising pedagogical strategy, particularly in under-resourced EFL learning environment. The results contribute to broader discussions on integrating digital tools into language education and underscore the need for institutional investment in technology infrastructure and teacher training to support innovative instructional practices.

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This study investigates the challenges and limitations faced in managing Institutional Accreditation (AIPT) within Islamic State Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Despite nationwide implementation of accreditation systems, only one out of 58 PTKIN has attained “Excellent” accreditation status, reflecting significant gaps in quality enhancement efforts. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative survey data from 500 institutions with qualitative insights gathered through interviews and focus group discussions involving accreditation managers and heads of quality assurance. The findings reveal multiple persistent barriers that hinder accreditation success. These include the lack of alignment between institutional visions and strategic plans, low student re-enrolment rates, minimal recruitment of international students, and challenges in meeting faculty qualification benchmarks. Furthermore, inadequate faculty performance recognition, limited research integration, underdeveloped community service engagement, funding constraints, and infrastructural deficiencies further complicate the accreditation process. A critical insight from the study is the weak integration of accreditation practices with strategic quality management frameworks, particularly Total Quality Management (TQM). This misalignment diminishes the potential of accreditation to drive sustained institutional improvement. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for more coherent and strategic accreditation management, recommending the incorporation of continuous quality improvement models to enhance institutional performance, educational quality, and long-term competitiveness within the Islamic higher education sector.

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This study examined the Quality of Working Life (QWL) among employees of a multi-occupational agricultural cooperative in Japan and identified predictors of Overall Satisfaction. A cross-sectional web survey was conducted with 317 valid respondents from JA Fukushima Mirai in 2025. QWL was measured using the Sustainable Quality of Working Life (S-QWL) scale, covering work–life balance, job match, and overall satisfaction. Analyses included correlations, ANOVA, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results showed that work–life balance was strongly associated with both personal performance and work environment. Workplace communication and recognition were identified as key factors supporting flexibility in working hours and concentration on tasks, while perceptions of evaluation and pressure influenced goal alignment and work–life balance, which in turn affected performance. Occupational analyses revealed that satisfaction among clerical staff was linked to balancing work and private life, finance and insurance employees were influenced by goal alignment, balance, and motivation, while in agriculture, satisfaction was tied to communication with supervisors and appropriate rewards. These findings highlight communication, recognition, and temporal flexibility as central levers for improving QWL in organizations with diverse occupations. Despite limitations related to small subsamples in some job categories, this study contributes novel evidence on QWL in Japanese agricultural cooperatives and suggests the importance of broader comparative research to account for cultural and occupational contexts.

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This study investigated work motivation among employees of a Japanese agricultural cooperative (JA) using the SWITCH (Sustainable Work-styles for Individuals and Team Challenges) for sustainable workstyles. Data were collected from 337 members of JA Fukushima Mirai in 2025. Multi-group covariance and mean structure analysis (MG-CMSA) was employed to examine differences by occupational position. The validated model indicated that motivation was supported by two main factors: successful experiences (effort, achievement, social evaluation) and interpersonal relationships (communication, language concept, building trusting relationships). Structural differences emerged across positions. For regular employees, motivation was strengthened through trusting relationships that fostered social evaluation. For managers, motivation was primarily sustained by linking personal effort to achievement outcomes, reflecting their responsibility to produce results. For contract employees, no consistent associations with motivation were observed, suggesting distinct dynamics tied to employment status. These findings demonstrate that the model of motivation within JA varies by occupational position and underscore the need for position-specific strategies to enhance organizational sustainability.

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This study aimed to examine the impact of a high school childcare curriculum on the childcare competencies of university students and to identify patterns among those who had completed the course. Data were collected from students at A College using a combination of choice-based and descriptive questionnaires, the Nurturing Trait Inventory (NTI; Fujimura, 2010), and semi-structured interviews with teachers. Participants were divided into two groups based on whether they had taken the childcare curriculum and further categorized by academic year. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to compare the groups within each year. The results showed no significant differences in NTI subscale scores among first-year students. However, second-year students who had completed the childcare curriculum scored significantly higher on the "Logical" subscale than those who had not, suggesting that this trait may be influenced by the practical experience gained in high school. The choice and descriptive questionnaires also revealed that a higher proportion of students who had taken the childcare curriculum expressed an intention to pursue careers as nursery teachers.

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Over the past ten years, India has seen a rise in the internal feminisation of migrant labour. However, migration is always seen exclusively from an economic perspective and the perspective of men searching for employment. A significant portion of India's internal migrant labour force is made up of women, particularly those of working age. In India, the main cause of internal migration among rural women is their desire to find work in urban areas. In the destination region, female migrants are more at risk than their male counterparts. In the destination region, female migrants are more vulnerable than their male counterparts. The difficulties that women migrants confront, particularly those related to safety, health, and social integration, must be recognised. These difficulties include discrimination, exploitation, and restricted access to resources. Developing a more inclusive and equitable migration policy requires addressing these gender-specific issues. 32 individuals, ages 18 to 35, who were employed in Chennai's construction sector, participated in this study. This highlights how caste, class, and gender interact to influence migrant women's experiences in India. The research findings revealed that issues including inadequate housing, safety worries, and restricted access to healthcare were among the difficulties experienced by female migrants. Through recognition and resolution of these complex issues, authorities may work to create a more welcoming and encouraging environment for all internal migrant women workers in India's many industries.

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This study explores the role of social media in Islamic education using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The research aims to understand current trends, key benefits, and challenges in leveraging social media as a tool for Islamic education. Based on an analysis of 18 selected articles, the findings indicate a significant increase in the use of social media for Islamic education, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Major trends include a shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning and diversification in the use of platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and WhatsApp. The primary benefits identified include global accessibility to Islamic educational content, enhanced student engagement, and the promotion of moderate Islamic values. The results of this study are expected to serve as a guide for educators, policymakers, and Islamic education communities to optimally utilize social media as an innovative and relevant educational tool. However, the study also highlights critical challenges, such as the risk of misinformation, ethical issues in social media usage, and limitations in content credibility. To address these challenges, strategies such as adopting the principle of sabayon (critical verification), developing structured content, and involving Islamic scholars on social media platforms are proposed.

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Religious moderation within Islamic boarding schools is crucial for cultivating students who are tolerant, discerning, and receptive to the diverse dynamics of society. This article examines the strategies employed by Kiai and teachers (ustadz) in the implementation of religious moderation in these institutions. Furthermore, this study also analyzes the relevance of moderate attitudes in contemporary contexts. The methodology employed in this research is a "systematic literature review" (SLR) utilizing a qualitative approach. The focus of the study was derived from a field investigation conducted over a period spanning from 2020 to 2024, resulting in the collection of 47 articles. This article highlights, First, the strategies that have been carried out in creating a moderate attitude for students, namely: strengthening a multicultural-based curriculum, national leadership training, empowering technology and social media, and religious-based social activities. Second, the relevance of religious moderation includes preventing extremism and radicalism, building tolerance and inclusiveness, developing leadership character, strengthening national unity and integrity. Thus, alumni graduates (Islamic boarding schools) have a significant contribution as agents of peace who promote harmony between religions, prevent radicalism, and strengthen national unity and integrity in a diverse society.

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Conceptualizing policy implementation has been explored by various scholars, yet no universally accepted definition exists across institutions worldwide. South Africa has contributed significantly to advancing clarity on policy implementation by outlining generic principles encompassing policy formulation, coordination, organization, procedural work, financing, and control. The aim of this paper is to interpret the meaning and practice of policy implementation across diverse institutional settings within South Africa. Policy implementation serves as a fundamental pillar of governance reform, with local governments historically playing a key role in the design and execution of public policies. Implementation processes are shaped by a combination of political, economic, institutional, social, and individual factors, which influence both the choice of policy instruments and the outcomes achieved. At various levels of government, intergovernmental dynamics further shape the scope of implementation, often limiting the effectiveness of public officials. Moreover, the reliance on national government to initiate policies has, at times, promoted uniformity at the expense of contextual responsiveness, neglecting the frameworks necessary for effective execution. This study draws on existing literature to examine how implementation unfolds across the spheres of government in South Africa. Key findings include the prevalence of misunderstanding, ambiguity in both policymaking and implementation, abuse of power, and the politicization of institutions. The recommendations offered aim to support public officials in addressing these challenges and improving the conceptualization and practice of policy implementation.

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In today’s volatile global economy, digital transformation (DT) has emerged as a pivotal enabler of business resilience. This study conducts a systematic bibliometric analysis to map the evolution of scholarly discourse connecting DT and resilience from 2015 to 2024. A total of 1,546 documents were retrieved from the Scopus database using a targeted Boolean query across title, abstract, and keyword fields: (“digital transformation” OR “digital innovation” OR “technology adaptation”) AND (“business resilience” OR “organizational resilience”). The analysis was executed using Biblioshiny, an R-based bibliometric tool, to visualize publication trends, citation structures, co-authorship networks, and thematic shifts over time. Results reveal a steep rise in publication volume particularly from China, Italy, and the United Kingdom reflecting growing academic attention. However, citation counts remain modest, suggesting limited global integration and influence. Journal articles dominate the literature, with Sustainability and Technological Forecasting and Social Change emerging as the most impactful sources based on h-index values. Key themes include innovation, performance, management systems, and dynamic capabilities, but their development and centrality vary across contexts. This review offers novel insights by bridging two critical domains digital transformation and organizational resilience through a decade-long bibliometric lens. It identifies geographic disparities, sectoral adoption patterns, and emerging gaps in cross-disciplinary scholarship. The findings underscore the strategic necessity of embedding digital innovation into resilience planning and call for deeper empirical inquiry into causal mechanisms and impact evaluation across industries. These insights provide a valuable knowledge base for researchers, policymakers, and business strategists alike.

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This study investigates the impact of art activities on the mood of earthquake survivors and evaluates their effectiveness in psychological recovery. Thirty survivors participated in six art workshops over three months. Their mood states were assessed using a simplified mood measurement questionnaire, based on a further shortened subscale of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) by Yazaki et al., before and after the workshops. Results showed significant reductions in scores for tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, fatigue, and confusion, indicating that art activities alleviate psychological stress and contribute to emotional stability. Participant satisfaction was high, emphasizing the benefits of creative expression and group interaction. These findings are consistent with prior research demonstrating the positive impact of art activities in disaster recovery contexts and suggest that integrating art activities into disaster response strategies can enhance mental health support. This study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of art activities in the psychological care of disaster survivors and highlights the need for further research to validate these findings and develop comprehensive support programs.

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The contemporary society is witnessing an exponential advancement of technology like artificial intelligence. It may not be an exaggeration to state that Al has become ubiquitous, finding applications in all walks of life. despite the widespread of technology and its various advantages. It remains necessary to acknowledge the serious drawbacks it beings. The current study examines the effect of AI on the notions of self and identity in Stef Smith’s contemporary play Girl in the Machine. It follows the theoretical framework of posthumanism to challenge the humanist views which considered humans as unified and self-directed subjects. The study adapts N. Katherine Hayles’ terminology and concept of the posthuman subject to analyze the transformation of human to posthuman entities, which results from the connections between both the physical and the digital worlds. Through analyzing the play, the paper shows how difficult it becomes to distinguish between real and virtual as the boundaries turn out to be completely blurred. The paper questions how the interaction between humans and technology alters the notions of identity, embodiment, agency, and perceptions. By delving into the characters’ experiences, the study focuses on how the characters become posthuman or cyborg-like figures. The paper concludes by highlighting the dangers behind merging both humans and digital technologies. Ultimately, it warns the audience in posthuman theatre of the negative impacts of technology and its ethical and psychological dilemmas.

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The widespread presence of ableism in society reveals the extent to which discriminatory attitudes and practices against disabled individuals are embedded in our culture. Throughout history, cultural narratives dealing with disability have both perpetuated and challenged these social prejudices and injustices. Through the lens of Crip Theory and the Social Model of Disability, this paper reveals how the play, Cost of Living by Martyna Majok critiques ableism through character dynamics, dialogue, and power imbalances. It argues that Cost of Living subverts conventional disability narratives and aligns with Crip Theory’s call for resistance to normative bodily expectations. This research explores how this play depicts societal barriers in employment, education, healthcare, and community participation that impact disabled individuals, and how its narrative both conforms to and resists traditional representations of disability. The methodology follows a qualitative analysis, focusing on the play’s dialogue, character development, and staging choices. Cost of Living highlights the complexities of disability identity and social norms that marginalize these individuals. In the discussion section, these results are analyzed through Crip Theory, focusing on ableism, intersectionality, and the social model of disability. The research concludes with a reflection on the role of theatre in reinforcing or challenging ableist ideologies and social prejudice, as well as the potential of theatre and this narrative to serve as instruments for social change, offering new insights into the representation of disability.

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This study aims to explore the green service quality management strategy of the hotel business in Thailand. Data were collected using questionnaires from a total sample of 252 general managers or marketing managers working for hotels which are members of Thai Hotels Association. According to the results of the study, the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the hypothesized model was consistent with the empirical data, with a Chi-square value of 84.71, p-value of 0.051, Chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio (Chi-square/df) of 1.303, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.991, Normed Fit Index (NFI) of 0.962, Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) of 0.961, Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI) of 0.919, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) value of 0.035. The findings showed that environmental determination, orientation ethics, and capabilities for creative transformation positively influenced green service quality management strategy. Furthermore, green service quality management strategy significantly impacted productivity reaction and organizational performance. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating green initiatives in hotel services. The study concludes that adopting environmentally friendly practices contributes to competitive advantage and long-term sustainability. Future research may benefit from international comparative studies to better understand global practices in green service management.

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India is witnessing a massive growth in motor vehicles ownership with the increase of population and urbanization. Such increased vehicle population leads to various issues such as increase in pollution, traffic jam, congestion, accidents, safety, etc. One of the most crucial problems being faced by India in both urban and rural regions is relating to parking. Urban centres of the country are becoming highly dense resulting into inefficient parking management which is further driven by lack of synchronization between parking policies, its implementation and enforcement strategies. India lacks all-inclusive nationwide policy and legislation that covers all aspects about parking. The National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) of India created by the Ministry of Urban Development in 2006 has a section about parking in India. The policy states that state governments should make suitable measures relating to parking infrastructure. So, accordingly urban local bodies have created parking policies for respective cities but enforcement of the same is responsibility of other departments such as traffic police leading to non-achievement of desired policy outcomes. This paper focuses on how single administrative authority can work more efficiently in developing parking policies along with its enforcements for Indian cities rather having multiple administrative bodies dealing on the same subject matter. In this paper, it has been identified that traffic police face challenges and limitations to effectively enforce current directives as formed in parking policies. This issue is further aggravated due to lack of enforcement relating knowledge with such policy makers.

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India primarily had remained a major cash-based economy until the early 2000s. The economy was rapidly growing, complemented with advanced technology, services, and manufacturing sector growth. The research methodology adopted is secondary research with descriptive analysis. As technology progressed, people gained access to mobiles and started getting connected to the world. As everything got involved, so did the banking sector, which integrated itself with Digital Payment Transactions (DPT). The introduction of DPT made transferring money easy, reliable, and secure amongst people. The present study delves into the penetration of DPT in rural India and its role in fostering financial inclusion. This research sheds light on the spread of DPT and their intensity in rural India, recognizing the need for concerted advocacy and policy building to ensure proper integration of the digital network to achieve greater financial inclusivity. Further, this study explores the availability, intensity, and problems related to DPT and financial inclusion in the country. The study identifies key challenges such as digital illiteracy, gender disparities, poor connectivity, and mistrust in digital systems. It proposes targeted interventions, including localized digital education, rural fintech infrastructure, and inclusive policy frameworks to bridge the digital divide and advance financial inclusion in rural India. The findings of the research indicate that despite numerous government initiatives on digitalization of payments, enhanced transparency, increased security, reliable trustworthiness, and an "integrated DPT system" would go a long way toward enhancing long-term economic growth and achieving greater financial inclusion in India.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intervention when it comes to facilitating the acquisition of interrogative response skills in a child with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder who was in the sixth grade of a prefectural special needs school. The four interrogatives targeted included "who," "what," "what is it doing," and "where." The intervention was divided into four stages: a stage to confirm that the participant understood the persons, objects, actions and places used in the practice (preliminary intervention); a stage to teach the participant to distinguish between the elements of the photo cards of persons, objects, actions, and places (Stage I); a stage to teach the participant to respond to interrogatives using the photo cards (Stage II); and a stage to teach the participant to respond to interrogatives using videos (Stage III). At the beginning of the intervention, the correct response rate for interrogatives was around 30% to 50%, but eventually rose to approximately 90%, and the intervention produced certain results. The effectiveness of the gradual intervention and using videos was discussed in relation to the results of the intervention.

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