中国内モンゴルに対する宗教政策と僧侶養成の変容

―転換点としての建国期に着目して―

抄録

  In this study, the temple Gotosho, which was built in the Qing dynasty and was the largest place of training for Buddhist monks in the Inner Mongolia region, was examined. Furthermore, the transformation of religious policy and monk training that focused on the founding period as a turning point were clarified. The analysis is divided into two periods: prior to and after the founding of China.

  In order to govern the Mongolian region in the late Qing dynasty, Emperor Kang xi used his deep faith in Buddhism as a policy, and built many Buddhist temples in the Mongolian region, and encouraged education in temples. Consequently, temple education became the main focus in the Mongolian region. The temple provided Buddhist education and trained many Mongolian monks. In the Republic of China, the Qing dynasty monk training system was continued and “separation of church and state” was the core of the Buddhist policy in the Mongolian region. In 1933, the advance of Japanese colonial medical hygiene began, clinics and doctor training centers were opened at the temple, and Japanese medical hygiene business was adopted.

  During the founding period of China, the Chinese central government adhered to a policy of religious freedom and maintained the traditional training of monks. However, after socialist movements such as land reform, the sectarian Patriotic United Front, and the National Unity Movement, temples began to function as places for national unification and national education. There was an increase in the age of monks’ ordination, a decrease in the number of monks and scholars, and a transformation in the content of the education provided.