Risk Factors of Local Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Adverse Effects from Use of Single Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting Beta-Agonists

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Background: Single inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists (ICS/LABA) are clinically effective and safe. However, if local oropharyngeal and laryngeal adverse effects (LOLAE) appear, adherence to the use of ICS is impaired. To minimize the development of adverse effects, it is essential to identify the underlying risk factors.
Methods: The study included 481 asthmatic patients who were prescribed ICS/LABA for the first time in their life between January and September of 2010. Patients ranged in age from 14 to 86 years old and consisted of 281 never smokers and 200 smokers. All data were collected retrospectively by respirologists.
Results: Seventy-three out of 481 patients suffered from one or more adverse effects, with 54 of these exhibiting LOLAE. Patients with LOLAE (51.4 ± 16.2 yrs) were significantly older than those without LOLAE (43.7 ± 15.9 yrs) (p = 0.0011) and were also prescribed a significantly higher dose of ICS. The pack-years of patients with LOLAE (2.1 ± 4.9) were significantly lower than those without LOLAE (6.0 ± 13.0) (p = 0.0087). The type of administered ICS was also significantly associated with a risk of developing LOLAE.
Conclusions: Our survey indicated that a greater age, a higher dose of ICS, and the type of ICS were potential risk factors of LOLAE. The identified factors should be considered in a clinical setting in order to prevent the development of LOLAE and provide optimal treatment to patients.