Allergology International
Online ISSN : 1440-1592
Print ISSN : 1323-8930
ISSN-L : 1323-8930
Review Series: New Insights into the World of Eosinophils in Allergic Diseases
Eosinophils: Cells known for over 140 years with broad and new functions
Ami AokiKiyoshi HiraharaMasahiro KiuchiToshinori Nakayama
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2021 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 3-8

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Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes, being involved in the host defense against helminth infection, tissue homeostasis and repair of injured tissue. However, eosinophils also play critical roles in shaping the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including fibrotic responses in allergic diseases. Eosinophils consist of various granules that are a source of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, extracellular matrix and growth factors. Recent studies have revealed that eosinophil extracellular trap cell death (EETosis) exacerbates eosinophilic inflammation by releasing the products, including Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs). In type 2 inflammatory diseases, memory-type pathogenic helper T (Tpath) cells are involved in shaping the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation by recruiting and activating eosinophils in vivo. We herein review the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of eosinophils and the various functions of granules, including CLCs, during eosinophilic inflammation. We also discuss the double-edged roles of eosinophils in tissue repair and type 2 immune inflammation.

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© 2021 by Japanese Society of Allergology
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