世界農業食料貿易構造の現局面

─フードレジーム論および食生活の政治経済学を援用して─

抄録

This paper examined the contemporary world agro-food trade structure by focusing on the countries considered to represent its characteristic features: U.S.A., Mexico, China, Brazil, Vietnam and Japan. The research attempted to apply a combined methodology of the food regime analysis framework and the political economy of diet, both being intensively discussed and developed in the international academia of agro-food political economy. The results found, firstly, that the consumption of grains, oilseed products, and livestock products―‘Grain Complex Foods’―in the U.S. has tended to stagnate or even decline, while consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, together with fish and seafood―‘Luxury Foods’―is increasing. Secondly, except for cooked foods and away-from-home eating, the Japanese population has reduced food consumption. Thirdly, the emerging countries tend to share the trend to a changing dietary pattern similar to American. Fourthly, class differentiated diets were clearly found in all countries where food expenditures by income class data is available. The contemporary agro-food trade structures of these countries were recognized to strongly reflect changes wherein the U.S. and Brazil export more Grain Complex Foods to these emerging countries while the former import more Luxury Foods on one hand, and the emerging countries drastically increase their Grain Complex Foods import while increasing their exports of Luxury Foods and highly industrially-manufactured foods on the other. One of the contradictory results of these structural changes is the extremely heavy dependence of Grain Complex Foods importers in basic foods on only one or a few oligopolistic exporters and agro-food complexes, which makes these importers` food security substantially vulnerable.