Second and First-Derivative Spectrophotometry for Efficient Simultaneous and Individual Determination of Palladium and Cobalt Using 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol in Sodium Dodecylsulfate Micellar Media

Abstract

1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) has been used for the simultaneous and individual determination of palladium and cobalt at trace levels. PAN complexes of palladium and cobalt at neutral pH form green-color neutral complexes, which are soluble in aqueous SDS micellar media. Under optimum conditions, calibration graphs for individual determinations by zero and first-derivative spectrophotometry, and also for simultaneous determinations by second-derivative spectrophotometry were obtained. A zero-crossing method using second-derivative spectrophotometry at 628 or 578 and 614 nm, respectively, for cobalt and palladium was used for simultaneous determinations. The method is able to determine the cobalt-to-palladium ratio, 5:1 to 1:10 (Wt/Wt), accurately. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of cobalt and palladium in their binary mixtures were tested. The effects of diverse ions on the determination of cobalt and palladium to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The recommended procedures were applied to a synthetic binary alloy, cobalt in vitamin B₁₂ and B-complex ampoules, a Co₂O₃-Co₃O₄ laboratorial chemical mixture, some synthetic cobalt-alloy samples, a Pd-charcoal catalyst, and some synthetic palladium alloys.